ReviewDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2020
Metformin and cardiorenal outcomes in diabetes: A reappraisal.
Review in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors with and without metformin: A meta-analysis of cardiovascular, kidney and mortality outcomes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2021 · on this mapPooled it
- Cardiovascular safety and efficacy of metformin-SGLT2i versus metformin-sulfonylureas in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Scientific reports · 2021 · on this mapPooled it
- Metformin in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Metformin Beyond Glycemic Control: Cardiovascular Protection and Diabetes Prevention.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Review
- Antidiabetic Agents as Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Therapies in Neurological and Cardiovascular Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Metformin: Past, Present, and Future.Current diabetes reports · 2024Review
- Efficacy of Bee Products (Anzer Honey, Pollen and Propolis) in Detection and Healing of Damage Induced by Antidiabetic Drug Vildagliptin/Metformin Hydrochloride in Healthy Human Pancreatic Cells: Cytotoxic, Genotoxic and Biochemical Studies.Current medical science · 2023Article
- Metformin in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: To Use or Not to Use, That Is the Question.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Antidiabetic Molecule Efficacy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-A Real-Life Clinical Practice Study.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Adverse cardiovascular, limb, and renal outcomes in patients with diabetes after peripheral artery disease revascularization treated with sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2023Article
- Addressing the Continuum of Dysglycaemia and Vascular Complications in Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: Need for Early and Intensive Treatment.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2023Review
- A Clinical Perspective of the Multifaceted Mechanism of Metformin in Diabetes, Infections, Cognitive Dysfunction, and Cancer.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Efficacy and Mechanism of the Jiangtang Tiaozhi Recipe in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes and Dyslipidaemia: A Clinical Trial Protocol.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Metformin use is associated with low risk of case fatality and disability rates in first-ever stroke patients with type 2 diabetes.Therapeutic advances in chronic disease · 2022Article
- Diabetes, Metformin and the Clinical Course of Covid-19: Outcomes, Mechanisms and Suggestions on the Therapeutic Use of Metformin.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Association between cardiometabolic risk factors and COVID-19 susceptibility, severity and mortality: a review.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2021Review
- Reno-Protective Effect of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Type1 Diabetes: Dual Action on TRPC6 and NADPH Oxidases.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Is metformin associated with acute kidney injury? A case-control study of patients with type 2 diabetes admitted with acute infection.Journal of nephrology · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The guidance issued to the pharmaceutical industry by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2008 has led to the publication of a series of randomized, controlled cardiovascular outcomes trials with newer therapeutic classes of glucose-lowering medications. Several of these trials, which evaluated the newer therapeutic classes of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, have reported a reduced incidence of major adverse cardiovascular and/or renal outcomes, usually relative to placebo and standard of care. Metformin was the first glucose-lowering agent reported to improve cardiovascular outcomes in the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) and thus became the foundation of standard care. However, as this clinical trial reported more than 20 years ago, differences from current standards of trial design and evaluation complicate comparison of the cardiovascular profiles of older and newer agents. Our article revisits the evidence for cardiovascular protection with metformin and reviews its effects on the kidney.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.