ArticleCurrent biology : CB2020
Antagonistic Inhibitory Circuits Integrate Visual and Gravitactic Behaviors.
Article in Current biology : CB, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Similarities betweeneNeuro · 2026Article
- A light-off response characterised by body contraction and ciliary arrest in Acropora coral larvae.The Journal of experimental biology · 2026Article
- A thyroid hormone-mediated opsin switch initiates metamorphosis in a proto-vertebrate.Science advances · 2026Article
- Validated CRISPR/Cas9 guide RNAs targeting neurodevelopmental genes in the tunicatebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- The dorsal/ventral subdivision of the hindbrain predates the tunicate/vertebrate split.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Motor neurons in the tunicate caudal central nervous system reveal homology to the vertebrate spinal cord.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- Whole Nervous System Expression of Glutamate Receptors Reveals Distinct Receptor Roles in Sensorimotor Circuits.eNeuro · 2024Article
- Deep homologies in chordate caudal central nervous systems.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Development and circuitry of the tunicate larval Motor Ganglion, a putative hindbrain/spinal cord homolog.Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution · 2024Review
- Sensory cells in tunicates: insights into mechanoreceptor evolution.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Evolution of the expression and regulation of the nuclear hormone receptor ERR gene family in the chordate lineage.Developmental biology · 2023Article
- Photobehaviours guided by simple photoreceptor systems.Animal cognition · 2023Review
- A single oscillating proto-hypothalamic neuron gates taxis behavior in the primitive chordate Ciona.Current biology : CB · 2023Article
- A single oscillating proto-hypothalamic neuron gates taxis behavior in the primitive chordatebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Large-Scale Gravitaxis Assay of Caenorhabditis Dauer Larvae.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2022Article
- Molecular Cross-Talk between Gravity- and Light-Sensing Mechanisms inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The Degenerate Tale of Ascidian Tails.Integrative and comparative biology · 2021Review
- Disruption of left-right axis specification in Ciona induces molecular, cellular, and functional defects in asymmetric brain structures.BMC biology · 2021Article
- Neuromesodermal Lineage Contribution to CNS Development in Invertebrate and Vertebrate Chordates.Genes · 2021Review
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Larvae of the tunicate Ciona intestinalis possess a central nervous system of 177 neurons. This simplicity has facilitated the generation of a complete synaptic connectome. As chordates and the closest relatives of vertebrates, tunicates promise insight into the organization and evolution of vertebrate nervous systems. Ciona larvae have several sensory systems, including the ocellus and otolith, which are sensitive to light and gravity, respectively. Here, we describe circuitry by which these two are integrated into a complex behavior: the rapid reorientation of the body followed by upward swimming in response to dimming. Significantly, the gravity response causes an orienting behavior consisting of curved swims in downward-facing larvae but only when triggered by dimming. In contrast, the majority of larvae facing upward do not respond to dimming with orientation swims-but instead swim directly upward. Under constant light conditions, the gravity circuit appears to be inoperable, and both upward and downward swims were observed. Using connectomic and neurotransmitter data, we propose a circuit model that can account for these behaviors. The otolith consists of a statocyst cell and projecting excitatory sensory neurons (antenna cells). Postsynaptic to the antenna cells are a group of inhibitory primary interneurons, the antenna relay neurons (antRNs), which then project asymmetrically to the right and left motor units, thereby mediating curved orientation swims. Also projecting to the antRNs are inhibitory photoreceptor relay interneurons. These interneurons appear to antagonize the otolith circuit until they themselves are inhibited by photoreceptors in response to dimming, thus providing a triggering circuit.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.