ArticleScientific reports2020
Evaluation of the effect of GM-CSF blocking on the phenotype and function of human monocytes.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optimizing the Treatment Schedule of Radiotherapy Combined With Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Immunotherapy in Metastatic Cancers.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Pooled it
- PD-1 Inhibitor Combined With Radiotherapy and GM-CSF (PRaG) in Patients With Metastatic Solid Tumors: An Open-Label Phase II Study.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Characterization of CAR-T cell factors that contribute to myeloid cell activation.Gene therapy · 2026Article
- SHIP blocks (MDP + LPS)-induced synergy in macrophages independent of catalytic activity.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2026Article
- GM-CSF downregulates type I IFN responses in glioblastoma-associated monocytes.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals immune-peritubular myoid cell crosstalk driving testicular interstitial fibrosis in idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia.Cell & bioscience · 2026Article
- Rethinking MS Therapeutics: From Disease Pathogenesis Mechanisms to AI-Driven Drug Discovery.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Review
- A streamlined and comprehensive protocol for the generation and multi-omic analysis of human monocyte-derived macrophages.BMC biotechnology · 2025Article
- Proteomic and morphologic characterization of ovine macrophage differentiation and polarization.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Targeting GM-CSF in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Advances in Cytokine-Directed Immunotherapy and Clinical Implications.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- GM-CSF engages multiple signaling pathways to enhance pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in human monocytes duringInfection and immunity · 2025Article
- Renal denervation achieves its antiarrhythmic effect through attenuating macrophage activation and neuroinflammation in stellate ganglia in chronic heart failure.Cardiovascular research · 2025Article
- Targeting tumor-intrinsic S100 calcium-binding protein A1 augments antitumor immunity and potentiates immunotherapy efficacy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Active LXR signaling, coupled with elevated mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolism contributes to GM-CSF-induced trained immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Profiling migration of human monocytes in response to chemotactic and barotactic guidance cues.Cell reports methods · 2024Article
- Article
- Disrupting Smad3 potentiates immunostimulatory function of NK cells against lung carcinoma by promoting GM-CSF production.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
- Article
- Single-cell profiling and zebrafish avatars reveal LGALS1 as immunomodulating target in glioblastoma.EMBO molecular medicine · 2023Article
- Dual VEGFA/BRAF targeting boosts PD-1 blockade in melanoma through GM-CSF-mediated infiltration of M1 macrophages.Molecular oncology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a multipotent cytokine that prompts the proliferation of bone marrow-derived macrophages and granulocytes. In addition to its effects as a growth factor, GM-CSF plays an important role in chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Reports have identified monocytes as the primary target of GM-CSF; however, its effect on monocyte activation has been under-estimated. Here, using flow cytometry and ELISA we show that GM-CSF induces an inflammatory profile in human monocytes, which includes an upregulated expression of HLA-DR and CD86 molecules and increased production of TNF-α and IL-1β. Conversely, blockage of endogenous GM-CSF with antibody treatment not only inhibited the inflammatory profile of these cells, but also induced an immunomodulatory one, as shown by increased IL-10 production by monocytes. Further analysis with qPCR, flow cytometry and ELISA experiments revealed that GM-CSF blockage in monocytes stimulated production of the chemokine CXCL-11, which suppressed T cell proliferation. Blockade of CXCL-11 abrogated anti-GM-CSF treatment and induced inflammatory monocytes. Our findings show that anti-GM-CSF treatment induces modulatory monocytes that act in a CXCL-11-dependent manner, a mechanism that can be used in the development of novel approaches to treat chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.