ArticlePediatric research2020
Socioeconomic disadvantage and health in early childhood: a population-based birth cohort study from Portugal.
Article in Pediatric research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Impact of Socioeconomic Inequities and Small-Area Deprivation on Child Inpatient Care: Evidence from a Quantitative Study in a Vulnerable Suburban Setting.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- The role of life-course socioeconomic position in cognitive change and mild cognitive impairment among middle-aged and older US Hispanic/Latinos.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- The incidence and severity of paediatric cholesteatomas in relation to socioeconomic deprivation.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Pediatric Asthma in the Inland Empire: Environmental Burden, Gaps in Preventive Care, and Unmet Needs.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Greater Neighborhood Disadvantage Is Associated with Alterations in Fetal Functional Brain Network Structure.The Journal of pediatrics · 2024Observational
- Health inequalities in childhood diseases: temporal trends in the inter-crisis period.International journal for equity in health · 2024Article
- Diagnoses of infectious diseases among Norwegian-born children to immigrant parents - the role of parental socioeconomic position.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2023Article
- Association of Area Deprivation With Primary Hypertension Diagnosis Among Youth Medicaid Recipients in Delaware.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Association between Land Use Mix and Respiratory Symptoms and Asthma in Children from the Generation XXI Birth Cohort.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2022Article
- The effect of fine particulate matter exposure on allergic rhinitis of adolescents aged 10-13 years: A cross-sectional study from Chongqing, China.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in 29 childhood diseases: evidence from a 1,500,000 children population retrospective study.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Sociodemographic Inequalities in Urinary Tract Infection in 2 Large California Health Systems.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMeasuring early socioeconomic inequalities in health provides evidence to understand the patterns of disease. Thus, our aim was to determine which children's health outcomes are patterned by socioeconomics and to what extent the magnitude/direction of the differences vary by socioeconomic measure and outcome.
methodsData on early childhood (4 years) health was obtained from Generation XXI birth cohort (n = 8647). A total of 27 health outcomes and 13 socioeconomic indicators at the individual level and neighbourhood level were used to calculate the relative index of inequality (RII).
resultsSocioeconomic inequalities were evident across 21 of the 27 health outcomes. Education, occupation and income more often captured inequalities, compared with neighbourhood deprivation or employment status. Using highest maternal education as reference category, we observed that seizures (RII = 8.64), obesity (2.94), abdominal obesity (2.66), urinary tract infection (2.26), language/speech problems (2.24), hypertension (2.08) and insulin resistance (1.33) were heavily socially patterned, much more common in disadvantaged children. Contrastingly, eczema (0.26) and rhinitis (0.26) were more common among more advantaged children.
conclusionsSocioeconomic inequalities were evident for almost every health outcome assessed, although with varying magnitude/direction according to the socioeconomic indicator and outcome. Our results reinforce that the social gradient in health manifests early in childhood.
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