ArticleEnvironmental research2020
Estimating and mapping cigarette butt littering in urban environments: A GIS approach.
Article in Environmental research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mapping the Distribution of Tobacco Litter During the Haridwar Kumbh Mela 2021: A Compliance Assessment of Tobacco-Free Kumbh Mela.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine · 2026Article
- Discarded cigarette butts as overlooked reservoirs and amplifiers of antibiotic resistance genes and pathogens in urban green spaces.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- A case study on litter management and clean environment index in small tourism cities.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Assessment of cigarette butt pollution and its Spatial distribution in Northeastern Iran.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cigarette butts: a source of toxicity and potential disruption ofToxicology research · 2025Article
- The first using developed clean environment index for assessment of the environment pollution caused by littering behavior.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Estimation of concentration and risk assessment of PAHs in urban water resources due to cigarette butt littering.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Spatial distribution of nicotine concentrations in Berlin's surface waters and their potential sources.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2025Article
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- Quantifying the Pro-Environmental Impacts of Telehealth Tobacco Treatment.Telemedicine reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Study of pollution status in urban environment caused by attitude and waste littering behavior of citizens.Scientific reports · 2024Article
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- The fate of leaked heavy metals in the urban environment under different persistence and precipitation scenarios.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Quality variations of leachate resulting from cigarette filter recycling as a challenge for its management.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Place-based estimates of cigarette butt litter raise environmental justice concerns in the United States.PloS one · 2024Article
- Impact of Covid-19 pandemic lockdown on the urban litter and clean environment index.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Clean environment index: A new approach for litter assessment.Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA · 2023Article
- Spatial and temporal variation of CBPI and leakage of heavy metals from cigarette butts into the urban environment.Scientific reports · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCigarette butts are some of the most common form of litter in the World, causing severe environmental damage. Analysing spatial distribution of cigarette butts in the urban environment may lead to useful insights for further interventions to reduce this form of litter. In this study, we present a GIS-based methodology to estimate the density of cigarette butts across a large urban area.
methodsWe collected information about discarded cigarette butts in outdoor public spaces by systematic social observation in a diverse sample of areas in Madrid, Spain. We used these data to estimate the density of cigarette butts in public spaces around the entire city by performing GIS analyses based on Kernel Density Estimations. Last, we validated these measures using on-field observations in a set of locations across the city.
resultsHospitality venues and public transportation stops were the places with the highest concentrations of cigarette butts, followed by the entrances to educational venues and playgrounds. Central districts showed the highest amount of cigarette butts in contrast to peripheral ones. We found that our measure had good validity, with a correlation coefficient of 0.784. DISCUSSION: This is the first study estimating and mapping cigarette butt litter in a large urban area. We identified a set of outdoor public places with high concentrations of cigarette butts and found geographical unevenness in the distribution of this pervasive form of litter across the study area. Our findings demonstrate the ubiquitous nature of cigarette butts in the urban environment and the need for interventions to reduce its impact on both people's health and the environment.
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