ReviewAnnual review of immunology2020
Knocking 'em Dead: Pore-Forming Proteins in Immune Defense.
Review in Annual review of immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- C1QB-Mediated Immunopathology in a Murine Malaria Model: A Multi-Omics Validation for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targeting.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Research Progress on NINJ1-Mediated Plasma Membrane Rupture Regulation of Pathogen Infection Process.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole-Induced Systemic Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Syndrome: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Perforin and Granulysin-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Colorectal Cancer Patients.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Pan-membrane pyroptosis of liver induced by gasdermin-encoding mRNAs.National science review · 2026Article
- A computational analysis of programmed cell death-associated LncRNA signatures in glioma and drug prediction.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- From mechanism to application: programmed cell death pathways in nanomedicine-driven cancer therapies.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- Article
- Mechanoregulation of lymphocyte cytotoxicity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Investigation of the effect of serum gasdermin d levels on clinical course and mortality in patients with covid-19.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Targeting pyroptosis for cancer immunotherapy: mechanistic insights and clinical perspectives.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Structural basis for the pore-forming activity of a complement-like toxin.Science advances · 2025Article
- GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis: molecular mechanisms, diseases and therapeutic targets.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- The conflicting role highlights the complexity of GSDMs in cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Placozoan secretory cell types implicated in feeding, innate immunity and regulation of behavior.PloS one · 2025Article
- Radiotherapy elicits immunogenic cell death and metabolic shifts in the tumor microenvironment: implications for immunotherapy.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- Neurodegenerative diseases and neuroinflammation-induced apoptosis.Open life sciences · 2025Review
- A study of granulysin and pentraxin 3 genetic polymorphisms and their contribution to acne susceptibility.Archives of dermatological research · 2024Article
- Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Immune cells use a variety of membrane-disrupting proteins [complement, perforin, perforin-2, granulysin, gasdermins, mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL)] to induce different kinds of death of microbes and host cells, some of which cause inflammation. After activation by proteolytic cleavage or phosphorylation, these proteins oligomerize, bind to membrane lipids, and disrupt membrane integrity. These membrane disruptors play a critical role in both innate and adaptive immunity. Here we review our current knowledge of the functions, specificity, activation, and regulation of membrane-disrupting immune proteins and what is known about the mechanisms behind membrane damage, the structure of the pores they form, how the cells expressing these lethal proteins are protected, and how cells targeted for destruction can sometimes escape death by repairing membrane damage.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.