ReviewDigestive diseases and sciences2020
Microbiome Composition in Pediatric Populations from Birth to Adolescence: Impact of Diet and Prebiotic and Probiotic Interventions.
Review in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Difference in the Intestinal Microbiota between Breastfeed Infants and Infants Fed with Artificial Milk: A Systematic Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Dietary Influences on Fecal Microbiota Composition and Function among Healthy Humans 1-20 Years of Age.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- Diet, adiposity, and the gut microbiota from infancy to adolescence: A systematic review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review of the factors influencing microbial colonization of the preterm infant gut.Gut microbesPooled it
- Anti-inflammatory effects of Bifidobacterium infantis M-63 during the early postnatal period in term infants.Pediatric research · 2026Trial
- Immunological effects of alpha-lactalbumin-enriched low-protein infant formula: A randomized controlled trial.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2025Trial
- The Effect of Probiotics on Health in Pregnancy and Infants: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Feeding Practices and Dietary Diversity in the First Year of Life: PreventADALL, a Scandinavian Randomized Controlled Trial and Birth Cohort Study.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- Effect ofNutrients · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Development of a Metagenomics-Guided Personalized Synbiotic Protocol for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Exploratory Case Series.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Early-life microbiota disruption-induced deficits in the social brain are sensitive to diet.iScience · 2026Article
- Programming the Infant Gut: How Maternal and Early Life Nutrition Shape the Infant Microbiome and Long-term Health-A Narrative Review.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota as a regulator of vaccine efficacy: implications for personalized vaccination.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Breastfeeding and infant gut microbiota: influence of bioactive components.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Postoperative gut dysbiosis in biliary atresia patients treated by portoenterostomy or liver transplantation.Pediatric surgery international · 2025Article
- Young children have limited mucosal immunity when stimulated with an influenza vaccine in tonsil organoids.Research square · 2025Article
- Gut Health for Two: the Critical Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Pregnancy and Lactation.Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- The Gut Microbiota of Peruvian Children Under the Age of Two During the Complementary Feeding Period.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Individual and Combined Effects of 2'-Fucosyllactose and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis on the Gut Microbiota Composition of Piglets.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Diet is a key regulator of microbiome structure and function across the lifespan. Microbial colonization in the first year of life has been actively researched; however, studies during childhood are sparse. Herein, the impact of dietary intake and pre- and probiotic interventions on microbiome composition of healthy infants and children from birth to adolescence is discussed. The microbiome of breastfed infants has lower microbial diversity and richness, higher Proteobacteria, and lower Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes than those formula-fed. As children consume more complex diets, associations between dietary patterns and the microbiota emerge. Like adults, the microbiota of children consuming a Western-style diet is associated with greater Bacteroidaceae and Ruminococcaceae and lower Prevotellaceae. Dietary fibers and pre- or/and probiotics have been tested to modulate the gut microbiota in early life. Human milk oligosaccharides and prebiotics added to infant formula are bifidogenic and decrease pathogens. In children, prebiotics, such as inulin, increase Bifidobacterium abundance and dietary fibers reduce fecal pH and increase alpha diversity and calcium absorption. Probiotics have been administered to the mother during pregnancy and breastfeeding or directly to the infant/child. Findings on maternal probiotic administration on bacterial taxa are inconsistent. When given directly to the infant/child, some changes in individual taxa are observed, but rarely is overall alpha or beta diversity affected. Cesarean-delivered infants appear to benefit to a greater degree than those born vaginally. Infancy and childhood represent an opportunity to beneficially manipulate the microbiome through dietary or prebiotic interventions, which has the potential to affect both short- and long-term health outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.