ArticlePeerJ2020
Within-person coupling of estradiol, testosterone, and cortisol in women athletes.
Article in PeerJ, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Risk of Menstrual Dysfunction, Low Energy Availability, Eating Disorders and Injury in the First All-Female UK Military Team Rowing 3000 Miles Across the Atlantic.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Hormone and enzyme reactivity before, during, and after a music performance: Cortisol, testosterone, and alpha-amylase.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2022Article
- Modification of Diurnal Cortisol Secretion in Women's Professional Basketball. A Pilot Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeIn variety of settings cortisol and testosterone are positively "coupled." That is, within-person fluctuations of cortisol and testosterone levels occur in parallel-increases and decreases in one hormone are associated with corresponding increases and decreases in the other. The present report explored hormone coupling in women athletes in two studies selected because they included measurements of salivary levels of cortisol, testosterone, and estradiol-a hormone that has been only infrequently studied in the context of competitive athletics.
methodsConsenting members of Emory University's varsity volleyball and soccer teams gave saliva samples on multiple occasions in the run-up to and over the course of two different intercollegiate contests.
resultsVolleyball and soccer players showed remarkably similar hormone-specific patterns of increase in relationship to the different stages of competition-before warm-up, after warm-up, and after competition. For both the volleyball and soccer team, Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) analyses showed estradiol as being significantly coupled with testosterone which was also coupled with cortisol.
conclusionsThis is, apparently, the first report of significant within-person coupling between estradiol and testosterone in the context of competitive athletic stress. These two hormones may be coupled in a wide variety of circumstances not limited to ones involving sport competition, and results reported here should encourage exploration of the extent to which coordinated fluctuations in estradiol, testosterone, and cortisol levels are present in other, more neutral settings and the ways in which the coordination of these fluctuating hormone levels may benefit human performance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.