Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32000962›Full record

ArticleJACC. Heart failure2020

Race and Sex Differences in Modifiable Risk Factors and Incident Heart Failure.

Danielle M Kubicki, Meng Xu, Elvis A Akwo, Debra Dixon, Daniel Muñoz, William J Blot, Thomas J Wang, Loren Lipworth, Deepak K Gupta

Open access · greenAbstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in JACC. Heart failure, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
3.4field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Article
  6. Marital Failure and Subsequent Heart Failure: A Prospective Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Sex differences in arterial hypertension.European heart journal · 2022
    Review
  14. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Danielle M KubickiVanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
Meng XuVanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
Elvis A AkwoVanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
Debra DixonVanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
Daniel MuñozVanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
William J BlotDivision of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
Thomas J WangVanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
Loren LipworthVanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
Deepak K GuptaVanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee. Electronic address: d.gupta@vumc.org.
Vanderbilt University · USVanderbilt University Medical Center · US

Funding

Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment Research ProgramP30CA068485 · NCI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI MATTHEW J TYSKA · 1995 to 2026
$172.8M
Southern Community Cohort StudyR01CA092447 · NCI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI BLOT, WILLIAM J., ZHENG, WEI · 2001 to 2015
$74.0M
Southern Community Cohort StudyU01CA202979 · NCI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI BLOT, WILLIAM J., SHRUBSOLE, MARTHA J. · 2016 to 2025
$22.0M
The natriuretic peptide system in African-AmericansK23HL128928 · NHLBI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI GUPTA, DEEPAK · 2016 to 2019
$737k
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA068485NCI NIH HHS R01 CA092447NCI NIH HHS U01 CA202979NHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL128928
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine race- and sex-based variation in the associations between modifiable risk factors and incident heart failure (HF) among the SCCS (Southern Community Cohort Study) participants.

backgroundLow-income individuals in the southeastern United States have high HF incidence rates, but relative contributions of risk factors to HF are understudied in this population.

methodsWe studied 27,078 black or white SCCS participants (mean age: 56 years, 69% black, 63% women) enrolled between 2002 and 2009, without prevalent HF, receiving Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. The presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, physical underactivity, high body mass index, smoking, high cholesterol, and poor diet was assessed at enrollment. Incident HF was ascertained using International Classification of Diseases-9th revision, codes 428.x in Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services data through December 31, 2010. Individual risk and population attributable risk for HF for each risk factor were quantified using multivariable Cox models.

resultsDuring a median (25th, 75th percentile) 5.2 (3.1, 6.7) years, 4,341 (16%) participants developed HF. Hypertension and diabetes were associated with greatest HF risk, whereas hypertension contributed the greatest population attributable risk, 31.8% (95% confidence interval: 27.3 to 36.0). In black participants, only hypertension and diabetes associated with HF risk; in white participants, smoking and high body mass index also associated with HF risk. Physical underactivity was a risk factor only in white women.

conclusionsIn this high-risk, low-income cohort, contributions of risk factors to HF varied, particularly by race. To reduce the population burden of HF, interventions tailored for specific race and sex groups may be warranted.

Indexed as

Body Mass IndexRacial GroupsAdultAgedFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHeart FailureHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSocioeconomic FactorsUnited Statesdiabeteshypertensionlow-incomephysical activitypublic healthSoutheast

Identifiers

PMID32000962
PMCPMC6995453
OpenAlexW2987818816

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.