ArticleEpidemiology and infection2020
Campylobacter outbreak associated with raw drinking milk, North West England, 2016.
Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A statistical modelling approach for source attribution meta-analysis of sporadic infection with foodborne pathogens.Zoonoses and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Analysis of Bacterial Diversity in Fresh Milk from Commercial Dairy Farms in Xinjiang Based on Metagenomic Sequencing.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Assessment of the Microbiological Quality of Raw Milk Sold Through Vending Machines at the Farm Level in Switzerland.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Genomic insights and survival dynamics ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Integrated In Silico - In Vitro Study Investigating Dipeptides as Chorismate Synthase Modulators: Spotlight on Its Mechanism of Action.Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ) · 2025Article
- Enhanced laboratory surveillance study ofJournal of medical microbiology · 2025Article
- Therapeutic and protective approaches to combatFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Activation of the l-fucose utilization cluster inHeliyon · 2024Article
- The Transmission ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Genomic diversity of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from the Ethiopian dairy supply chain.PloS one · 2024Article
- Genotyping and antibiotic susceptibility of Campylobacter species isolated from raw milk samples in Qazvin, Iran.BMC research notes · 2023Article
- Bacteriophages for the Targeted Control of Foodborne Pathogens.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Longitudinal Study for the Detection and Quantification ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Milk-borne diseases through the lens of one health.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Natural Strategies as Potential Weapons against Bacterial Biofilms.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The prevalence of Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in Norwegian dairy cattle farms: A comparison between free stall and tie stall housing systems.Journal of applied microbiology · 2022Article
- Comparative Analysis of L-Fucose Utilization and Its Impact on Growth and Survival ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Global epidemiology of campylobacteriosis and the impact of COVID-19.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In December 2016, Public Health England investigated an outbreak of campylobacteriosis in North West England, with 69 cases in total. Epidemiological, microbiological and environmental investigations associated the illness with the consumption of unpasteurised cows' milk from Farm X, where milk was predominantly sold from a vending machine. Campylobacter was detected in milk samples which, when sequenced, were identical in sequence type as pathogens isolated from cases (Clonal Complex ST-403, Sequence Type 7432). The farm was served with a Hygiene Emergency Prohibition Order to prevent further cases. To our knowledge, this is the first outbreak of campylobacter associated with unpasteurised milk in England since 1996. Our findings highlighted several important lessons, including that the current testing regime in England for unpasteurised milk is not fit for purpose and that the required warning label should include additional wording, underscoring the risk to vulnerable groups. There has been a substantial increase in both the volume of unpasteurised milk consumed in England and the use of vending machines to sell unpasteurised milk over the last 10 years, making unpasteurised milk more readily accessible to a wider population. The evidence generated from outbreaks like this is therefore critical and should be used to influence policy development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.