Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32000732›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2020

Association between trail use and self-rated wellness and health.

Abbas Smiley, William D Ramos, Layne M Elliott, Stephen A Wolter

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Runnability: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
    Article
  3. Healthy Sleep Every Day Keeps the Doctor Away.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Comparing the Trail Users with Trail Non-Users on Physical Activity, Sleep, Mood and Well-Being Index.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020
    Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Abbas SmileyDepartment of Surgery, Westchester Medical Center, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, NY, 10595, USA. abbaset4@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0590-0553
William D RamosRecreation, Park, and Tourism Studies Department, Indiana University School of Public Health- Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.
Layne M ElliottEppley Institute for Parks and Public Lands, Indiana University School of Public Health- Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.
Stephen A WolterEppley Institute for Parks and Public Lands, Indiana University School of Public Health- Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIncorporating trail use into daily activity routines could be an important venue to increase a population's physical activity. This study presents important health impacts of trail use.

methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 8 trails throughout the State of Indiana. A mix of urban, suburban, and rural trails were selected. Recruitment sessions were completed during four 1-week periods throughout the study in various locations and at various times of day on each trail between April and October 2017. Data were collected through online and paper surveys. For each type of physical activity, a generalized additive model for self-rated wellness and health was built adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic status, amounts of physical activity on trails, mood status, sleep pattern, diet and smoking habit. The plots of estimated smoothing spline function with 95% confidence band were pictured. All statistical analyses were conducted using R.

resultsThe final sample size included 1299 trail users; 92% were White, 79% aged 18-65 years, 71% were married and 56% were male. Biking, walking and running were the main activities with 52, 29 and 19%, respectively. Female to male ratio was 3:2 in walkers vs. 2:3 in runners and bikers. Runners were significantly younger than the other two groups. Runners also had the highest percentage of college graduates and above, the highest rate of employment, the highest income, and the lowest percentage of being retired among the three groups. They more commonly used the trails alone than the walkers and bikers. Bikers had the highest rate of job satisfaction. They also showed a better mean score of mood than that the walkers and runners. There was a linear association between walking and self-rated wellness and health, and a curved association between running/biking and self-rated wellness and health. Running < 6.5 miles/week and biking > 14 miles/week were associated with steeper rise in self-rated wellness and health.

conclusionsEmployed educated married middle-aged people had the highest prevalence of walking, running or biking. The higher the walking, the higher self-rated wellness and health. A similar association was observed for running up to 6.5 miles/week or biking > 14 miles/week.

Indexed as

Health BehaviorHealth StatusAdolescentAdultAgedBicyclingCross-Sectional StudiesExerciseFemaleHumansIndianaMaleMiddle AgedRunningSocioeconomic FactorsWalkingBuilt-environmentHealthPhysical activityPublic policyTrailsWellness

Identifiers

PMID32000732
PMCPMC6990545

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.