ArticleMedicine2020
Normative values for Glazer Protocol in the evaluation of pelvic floor muscle bioelectrical activity.
Article in Medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Electrical stimulation plus biofeedback improves urination function, pelvic floor function, and distress after reconstructive surgery: a randomized controlled trial.International journal of colorectal disease · 2023Trial
- Development of an interpretable machine learning model for predicting stress urinary incontinence following the delivery of a first child.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Pelvic floor morphofunctional characteristics in female rugby players beyond the tackle. Pelvic floor muscles in high-impact sports.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of a Predictive Model for Postpartum Stress Urinary Incontinence: Factors and Assessment in a Single-Center Prospective Study.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Resource for Assessing the Rest and Activation of Pelvic Floor Muscles in Young Adult Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of biophotonics · 2026Article
- A study on the association between different delivery modes and pelvic floor muscle strength in women during early postpartum period.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
- Surface Electromyography Characteristics of Pelvic Floor Muscles in Healthy Women, Pelvic Floor Dyssynergia, and Urinary Incontinence: A Retrospective Comparative Study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of pelvic myofascial trigger point release for the therapy of sexual dysfunction in women after vaginal delivery: A prospective pilot study.Turkish journal of physical medicine and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Association Between Cesarean Scar and Pelvic Floor Muscle Tone at 6-8 Weeks Postpartum.International urogynecology journal · 2025Observational
- Which Positions Optimize Pelvic Floor Activation in Female Athletes?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Establishment and validation of a clinical prediction model for predicting early postpartum pelvic floor muscle weakness among primiparous women after vaginal delivery: a retrospective study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture on pelvic floor function in women with stress urinary incontinence: a randomized sham-controlled trial protocol.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- Assessment of Female Pelvic Floor Muscles: An Integrative Review.International journal of women's health · 2025Review
- The Surface Electromyography of the Pelvic Floor Muscles in the Early Postpartum Period in Twin Pregnancies of Different Conception Modes: A Single-Centre Retrospective Study in China.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- Risk factors and nomogram construction for predicting women with chronic pelvic pain:a cross-sectional population study.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Relationship between abnormal pelvic floor electromyography and obstetric factors in postpartum women: a cross-sectional study.BMC women's health · 2024Article
- Surface Electromyography Data Analysis for Evaluation of Physical Exercise Habits between Athletes and Non-Athletes during Indoor Rowing.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Electromyographic parameters for treatment of pelvic floor disorders in pregnant and postpartum women: A review protocol.PloS one · 2024Article
- Efficacy and factors of myofascial release therapy combined with electrical and magnetic stimulation in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain syndrome.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2024Article
- Association between functional constipation and vaginal wind in women at 6 weeks postpartum.International urogynecology journal · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate pelvic floor muscle bioelectrical activity in healthy, young, and nulliparous women, and to present normative values for all phases and parameters measured with the Glazer Protocol.In this study, 96 healthy, young, nulliparous women (age 22-27 years; 168.6 ± 5.1 cm; 57.1 ± 11.8 kg) were tested. The bioelectrical activity of the pelvic floor muscles was collected using an endovaginal electrode with the Glazer Protocol, which included the following series of muscles contractions and relaxations: pre-baseline rest, phasic contractions, tonic contractions, isometric contractions for muscle endurance evaluation, and post-baseline rest.The following normative values of the bioelectrical signal for all phases of the Glazer Protocol were calculated: mean, minimal, and maximal values, 95% confidence interval, standard deviation, 95% standard deviation confidence interval, variance, coefficient of variation, and standard error of measurement. Average Mean Amplitude (μV) was as follows: pre-baseline rest (6.26 ± 3.33 μV), phasic contractions (49.76 ± 26.44 μV), tonic contractions (37.05 ± 25.99 μV), endurance contraction (16.10 ± 6.68 μV), and post-baseline rest (6.93 ± 3.99 μV).This study was the first in which normative values for all phases of the Glazer Protocol were reported. This protocol is very often used in electromyography devices as a tool for pelvic floor muscle assessment. Due to the fact that the interpretation of the pelvic floor muscle evaluation is complex and difficult, the authors believe that the normative values proposed in this study allow for comprehensive interpretation of this test (both qualitatively and quantitatively) and provide a reference point for parameters measured in women with different pelvic floor dysfunctions.
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