Trial reportPediatric research2020
Relation between physical fitness and executive function variables in a preschool sample.
Trial report in Pediatric research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex Differences in Grip Strength From Birth to Age 16: A Meta-Analysis.European journal of sport science · 2025Pooled it
- Optimal exercise intensity for improving executive function in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: systematic review and network meta-analysis.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Physical Activity, Fitness, School Readiness, and Cognition in Early Childhood: A Systematic Review.Journal of physical activity & health · 2021Pooled it
- Physical education exercise improves physical fitness and working memory function: a randomized controlled trial study of Uyghur adolescents in Xinjiang, China.BMC pediatrics · 2025Trial
- The association between the health-related physical fitness and inhibitory control in preschool children.BMC pediatrics · 2022Trial
- Association Between Health-Related Physical Fitness and Cognition in Preschoolers: MOVI-HIIT Study.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2026Observational
- Associations between physical fitness, physical activity, sedentary behavior and executive function in preschoolers.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Physical fitness is associated with fat mass and muscle mass in Chinese preschoolers.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Association Between 24-h Movement Behavior, Physical Fitness, and Inhibitory Control in School Adolescents: A Complex Network Analysis.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- Actigraphy-assessed sleep duration and quality and executive function in a sample of typically developing preschoolers.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Unveiling the predictive role of motor competence and physical fitness on inhibitory control in preschool children: a cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Associations between physical fitness and executive functions in 10-13 year male children in Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Association between physical activity and executive function of Chinese adolescents aged 13-18.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Relationship between physical fitness and executive function in preschool children: a cross-sectional study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2024Article
- The effects of structured coordinative exercise protocol on physical fitness, motor competence and inhibitory control in preschool children.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function in Chinese adolescents.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Aerobic fitness and fine motor skills are related to switching and updating in typically developing children.Psychological research · 2023Article
- Students from a Public School in the South of Chile with Better Physical Fitness Markers Have Higher Performance in Executive Functions Tests-Cross-Sectional Study.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Spatial statistical machine learning models to assess the relationship between development vulnerabilities and educational factors in children in Queensland, Australia.BMC public health · 2022Article
- What are the kids doing? Exploring young children's activities at home and relations with externally cued executive function and child temperament.Developmental science · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study examined the association between key components of physical fitness with inhibition and cognitive flexibility in preschoolers.
methodsThis was a cross-sectional study of 362 Spanish preschoolers. The key components of physical fitness and executive functioning were measured.
resultsThe partial correlation controlling for body mass index and family socioeconomic status showed that inhibition was positively related to cardiorespiratory fitness. No association was found between muscular strength (i.e., standing long jump and dynamometry) and speed/agility with inhibition or between physical fitness components and cognitive flexibility. The inhibition mean scores were significantly higher in preschoolers with higher cardiorespiratory than in their peers who were in lower categories, after adjustments were made for confounders. Additionally, the results showed that cardiorespiratory fitness was a significant predictor of inhibition, but for cognitive flexibility, age was the only significant predictor.
conclusionsOur data suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with inhibition in preschoolers. Likewise, our results also suggest that cognitive flexibility is an executive function that is more dependent on changes associated with age at this development stage. These findings are important for supporting initiatives that aimed at stimulating healthy brain development, and promote the improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness at early ages.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.