ArticlePediatric research2020
Hormone levels in preterm and donor human milk before and after Holder pasteurization.
Article in Pediatric research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Postnatal Leptin Levels Correlate with Breast Milk Leptin Content in Infants Born before 32 Weeks Gestation.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic characteristics of vutiglabridin: A first-in-class, first-in-human study.Clinical and translational science · 2022Trial
- Metabolic health conditions in pregnancy, human milk hormone concentrations, and infant adiposity.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Macronutrient and Bioactive Profiles of Donor Milk Differ in Commercial vs Non-Profit Milk Banks.Research square · 2025Article
- Assessment of Heat Processing Effects on Cortisol Concentration in Dairy Milk Products.Food science of animal resources · 2024Article
- Effect of Holder Pasteurization, Mode of Delivery, and Infant's Gender on Fatty Acid Composition of Donor Breast Milk.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Human Milk-The Biofluid That Nourishes Infants from the First Day of Life.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Effect of Holder Pasteurization and Different Variants on Breast Milk Antioxidants.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Assessment of Stress Levels in Lactating Cattle: Analyzing Cortisol Residues in Commercial Milk Products in Relation to the Temperature-Humidity Index.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Neonatal Leptin Levels Predict the Early Childhood Developmental Assessment Scores of Preterm Infants.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Insulin, Testosterone, and Albumin in Term and Preterm Breast Milk, Donor Milk, and Infant Formula.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Article
- Fatty Acid Composition of Milk from Mothers with Normal Weight, Obesity, or Gestational Diabetes.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Thyroxine and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone in Own Mother's Milk, Donor Milk, and Infant Formula.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Glucocorticoids in preterm human milk.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Article
- Pituitary Glycoprotein Hormones in Human Milk before and after Pasteurization or Refrigeration.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Milk Bank Pooling Practices Impact Concentrations and Variability of Bioactive Components of Donor Human Milk.Frontiers in nutrition · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAfter birth, breastfeeding is the exclusive source of hormonal signaling between mother and infant. Hospitalized infants often receive donor milk when their own mother's milk is unavailable.
methodsThe presence of insulin, leptin, cortisol, progesterone, and testosterone was examined in samples from milk bank donors and mothers of preterm infants. We further investigated the effect of Holder pasteurization (HoP) on hormone levels.
resultsComparing nonpasteurized samples, leptin levels were nearly threefold higher in milk from mothers of preterm infants versus donated milk, and regardless of milk source, leptin levels were significantly decreased by HoP. Insulin concentrations were also decreased by HoP, and among mothers of preterm infants, obesity was associated with significantly higher content of leptin and insulin. While combined use of donor milk and HoP was associated with cortisol levels nearly threefold higher than those in nonpasteurized own mother's milk, progesterone and testosterone content did not differ by source or pasteurization.
conclusionsThe hormonal composition of breast milk is impacted by HoP and maternal obesity. Compared to nonpasteurized maternal milk, use of pasteurized donor milk dramatically decreases the intake of leptin while increasing the intake of cortisol. Further research is necessary to define optimal breast milk processing practices.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.