ArticlePloS one2020
Resource requirements for community-based care in rural, deep-rural and peri-urban communities in South Africa: A comparative analysis in 2 South African provinces.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Home visits for preterm/low birthweight infants in South Africa: Qualitative evidence synthesis.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2024Article
- From the periphery to inclusion within the health system: promoting community health worker empowerment as a way forward.BMC primary care · 2024Article
- Assessing the resilience of HIV healthcare services provided to adolescents and young adults after the COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Beira (Mozambique): an interrupted time series analysis.AIDS research and therapy · 2024Article
- From understanding to action: a juncture-factor framework for advancing social responsiveness in health professions education.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- A time-motion study of community health workers delivering community-based primary health care in Neno District, Malawi.Human resources for health · 2023Article
- Human resource time commitments and associated costs of Community Caregiver outreach team operations in South Africa.PloS one · 2023Article
- Abuse and humiliation in the delivery room: Prevalence and associated factors of obstetric violence in Ghana.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Geo-analysis: the distribution of community health workers in relation to the HIV prevalence in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Supportive supervision from a roving nurse mentor in a community health worker programme: a process evaluation in South Africa.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Article
- Regional maldistribution of human resources of rehabilitation institutions in China Mainland based on spatial analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Using PhotoVoice to understand mindfulness in health care practitioners.Health SA = SA Gesondheid · 2022Article
- Can the Timed and Targeted Counseling Model Improve the Quality of Maternal and Newborn Health Care? A Process Analysis in the Rural Hoima District in Uganda.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionAs South Africa embarks on the implementation of the community health care worker (CHW) 2018 policy, quantifying the resource requirements to effectively manage the programme across different geographical communities is essential. This study was conducted to quantify and compare costs associated with travel and service delivery demands on CHWs between area types in two districts.
methodsThis economic analysis adopted a provider perspective to cost CHW services between January and November 2016. A total of 221 CHWs completed diaries for 10 days to document their activities. Quintile regression and the Kruskall Wallis test were used to test for differences in time and activities across urban and rural sites.
resultsWhile travel time across rural and urban settings within each district did differ it was not the most significant predictor of differences in time utilization. Time on activities showed more significant differences with overall median time by unit of activity being 15% longer in rural than urban areas in Sedibeng and 10% longer in uMzinyathi respectively. Most CHW time was spent conducting home visits (57% in rural,66% in peri-urban/urban). Median time per home visit in uMzinyathi was 50% longer in deep-rural areas than urban areas and 20% longer in rural than urban areas in Sedibeng. Referrals and number of home visits per capita (0.4 visits in rural and 0.7 in urban/peri-urban areas) were low in both districts. Expenditure on the programme translated to under 4% of PHC expenditure per capita and remains under 5% if despite the new national minimum wage (R3,500/$245).
conclusionBecause home visits take longer and CHWs spend a lower share of time on visits, a higher number is required in rural and deep rural areas (33% and 66% respectively) than in urban areas. Effective budget planning will therefore need to recognize the different geographical needs.
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