ArticleSSM - population health2019
Gender disparities in health care expenditures and financing strategies (HCFS) for inpatient care in India.
Article in SSM - population health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Cost of illness of scrub typhus in South India - a population-based, mixed-methods study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Bridging the gap between health insurance eligibility and uptake: A multistate quantitative analysis of entitlement-based verification patterns under India's PM-JAY Scheme.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Healthcare access and utilisation trends among the elderly in India: Evidence from the LASI Wave-1 survey.Dialogues in health · 2025Article
- Widow and Widower Mortality in India: A Research Note.Demography · 2025Article
- Global Variation in Out-of-Pocket Payments for Cancer Surgery.World journal of surgery · 2025Article
- Health insurance coverage among men and women in six countries within the Southeast Asia Region (2015-2022): a multilevel analysis of DemographicThe Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Article
- Cognitive functioning and functional ability in women with schizophrenia and homelessness.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2025Article
- Healthcare accessibility, utilization, and quality of life among internally displaced people during the Sudan war: a cross-sectional study.Conflict and health · 2025Article
- Financial and Treatment Compliance Challenges Among Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study From Pakistan.Cureus · 2025Article
- Changing patterns in cataract surgery indications, outcomes, and costs, 2012-2023: a retrospective study at Aravind Eye Hospitals, India.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Article
- Is Delaying Marriage Beneficial in Later Life? Age at Marriage and Psychological and Cognitive Health in Later Life in India.Innovation in aging · 2025Article
- Identification and analysis of influencing factors of multidimensional health poverty in rural areas of Northwest China.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Burden of undiagnosed depression among older adults in India: a population based study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Examining the factors contributing to a reduction in hardship financing among inpatient households in India.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A step closer towards achieving universal health coverage: the role of gender in enrolment in health insurance in India.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Self-reported symptom burden among patients attending public health care facilities in India: Looking through ICPC-3 lens.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Gender differences in vision health-seeking behavior and vision health outcomes among rural Chinese schoolchildren by birth order and family size.International journal for equity in health · 2023Article
- Illnesses and hardship financing in India: an evaluation of inpatient and outpatient cases, 2014-18.BMC public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite the vast literature on health care expenditures (HCE) and health care financing strategies (HCFS) in low- and middle-income countries, there is limited evidence of gender disparity in HCFS for inpatient care. We examined gender disparities in HCE and HCFS for inpatient care among adults aged 15 and older in India which is widely known for gender-based discrimination in sex-selective abortion, nutrition, and access to health care. Using data from a nationally representative large-scale population-based survey, we investigated the relationship between the gender of adult patients and HCE as well as sources of health care financing. Simple percentage distribution, cross-tabulation, a two-level random intercept model, and multinomial logit regression were used to examine the role of gender in HCE and sources of health care financing for inpatient care. Average HCE is lower for women in adult age groups, regardless of the type of disease and duration of stay in the hospital. This result remained unchanged after controlling for other background variables of the patients. Women are also discriminated against more when health care has to be paid for by borrowing, sale of assets, or contributions from friends and relatives (distressed financing). Multinomial logit results show that the probability of distressed financing is less for females than for males (borrowing: β = -0.27; confidence interval [CI], -0.37 to -0.17;
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