SynthesisBioMed research international2020
Population Pharmacokinetics of Clozapine: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in BioMed research international, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Guideline and Checklist for Initiating and Managing Clozapine Treatment in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.CNS drugs · 2022Guideline
- Review
- Evaluation of clozapine forgiveness under imperfect adherence scenarios: a population pharmacokinetic simulation study.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- 3D Hepatocyte Model with Composite Nanofibers That Reproduced Human In Vivo Drug Clearance Profiles.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Article
- Differences in clozapine metabolism across geographical regions in Turkiye.Dusunen adam : Bakirkoy Ruh ve Sinir Hastaliklari Hastanesi yayin organi · 2025Article
- Epigenetics in pharmacogenes encoding metabolizing enzymes of second-generation antipsychotics used in schizophrenia and its clinical implications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Exploratory analysis of non-linear clozapine dose-concentration relationship in real-life hospital database.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- A study of the pharmacokinetics of clozapine and its metabolites by the dynamics of its distribution in the oral fluid of healthy volunteers.Archives of toxicology · 2024Article
- Alert prescribing of clozapine: a comparison of five drug-drug interaction sources.Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2024Article
- Body mass index as a predictor of the outcomes of acute clozapine toxicity: a cross-sectional study.Toxicology research · 2023Article
- Receptors Involved in Mental Disorders and the Use of Clozapine, Chlorpromazine, Olanzapine, and Aripiprazole to Treat Mental Disorders.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Genomic Stratification of Clozapine Prescription Patterns Using Schizophrenia Polygenic Scores.Biological psychiatry · 2023Article
- Clozapine use at a specialised psychiatric hospital in Johannesburg.The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa · 2023Article
- Adverse Drug Reactions in Relation to Clozapine Plasma Levels: A Systematic Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Alternative Routes of Administration of Clozapine.CNS drugs · 2022Review
- Combining Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacokinetic Modelling Deconvolutes Physiological and Environmental Sources of Variability in Clozapine Exposure.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Clozapine resistant schizophrenia: Newer avenues of management.World journal of psychiatry · 2021Review
- A Repeated Time-to-Positive Symptoms Improvement among Malaysian Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Treated with Clozapine.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model for clozapine in Korean patients with schizophrenia.Translational and clinical pharmacology · 2021Article
- Interest of Fluvoxamine as an Add-On to Clozapine in Children With Severe Psychiatric Disorder According to CYP Polymorphisms: Experience From a Case Series.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveClozapine is a second-generation antipsychotic drug that is considered the most effective treatment for refractory schizophrenia. Several clozapine population pharmacokinetic models have been introduced in the last decades. Thus, a systematic review was performed (i) to compare published pharmacokinetics models and (ii) to summarize and explore identified covariates influencing the clozapine pharmacokinetics models.
methodsA search of publications for population pharmacokinetic analyses of clozapine either in healthy volunteers or patients from inception to April 2019 was conducted in PubMed and SCOPUS databases. Reviews, methodology articles, in vitro and animal studies, and noncompartmental analysis were excluded.
resultsTwelve studies were included in this review. Clozapine pharmacokinetics was described as one-compartment with first-order absorption and elimination in most of the studies. Significant interindividual variations of clozapine pharmacokinetic parameters were found in most of the included studies. Age, sex, smoking status, and cytochrome P450 1A2 were found to be the most common identified covariates affecting these parameters. External validation was only performed in one study to determine the predictive performance of the models.
conclusionsLarge pharmacokinetic variability remains despite the inclusion of several covariates. This can be improved by including other potential factors such as genetic polymorphisms, metabolic factors, and significant drug-drug interactions in a well-designed population pharmacokinetic model in the future, taking into account the incorporation of larger sample size and more stringent sampling strategy. External validation should also be performed to the previously published models to compare their predictive performances.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.