ReviewFrontiers in immunology2019
Immunological Outcomes Mediated Upon Binding of Heat Shock Proteins to Scavenger Receptors SCARF1 and LOX-1, and Endocytosis by Mononuclear Phagocytes.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- High TG/low HDL-C ratio-mimetic lipid stress drives diabetic atherosclerotic endothelial-macrophage dysfunction through glycocalyx disruption and CD36/ABCA1 imbalance.Journal of molecular histology · 2026Article
- Structural and molecular principles of DAMP biology.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2026Review
- Exogenous Heat Shock Proteins in Oncology: Biological Roles and Clinical Implications.Cancers · 2026Review
- DAMP signaling networks: from receptors to diverse pathophysiological functions.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Heat shock proteins in farmed aquatic animals: advancing animal health and welfare management through building resilience.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Pattern recognition receptors: function, regulation and therapeutic potential.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- CXCL16 knockout inhibit asthma airway inflammation by suppressing H2-DM molecular mediated antigen presentation.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Global trends and risk factors in gastric cancer: a comprehensive analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 and multi-omics data.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- The dual-function of HSP70 in immune response and tumor immunity: from molecular regulation to therapeutic innovations.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- Exploring the Regulatory Mechanism of CXCL16 Molecule-Related Antigen Presentation Using lncRNA-mRNA Co-Expression Network Analysis.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
- Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The therapeutic mavericks: Potent immunomodulating chaperones capable of treating human diseases.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2023Review
- Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) and Hsp70 as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Autoimmune Skin Diseases.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Species-Specific Endotoxin Stimulus Determines Toll-Like Receptor 4- and Caspase 11-Mediated Pathway Activation Characteristics.mSystems · 2021Article
- The Role of SREC-Ⅰ in Innate Immunity to Aspergillus fumigatus Keratitis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
- The functions and regulation of heat shock proteins; key orchestrators of proteostasis and the heat shock response.Archives of toxicology · 2021Review
- Triple knockdown of CDC37, HSP90-alpha and HSP90-beta diminishes extracellular vesicles-driven malignancy events and macrophage M2 polarization in oral cancer.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2020Article
- The Role of Heat Shock Protein 70 kDa in Asthma.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2020Review
- Vaccine-Induced CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSP) are a highly abundant class of molecular chaperones that can be released into the extracellular milieu and influence the immune response. HSP release can occur when cells undergo necrosis and exude their contents. However, HSPs are also secreted from intact cells, either in free form or in lipid vesicles including exosomes to react with receptors on adjacent cells. Target cells are able recognize extracellular HSPs through cell surface receptors. These include scavenger receptors (SR) such as class E member oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1, aka OLR1, Clec8A, and SR-E1) and scavenger receptor class F member 1 (SCARF1, aka SREC1). Both receptors are expressed by dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages. These receptors can bind HSPs coupled to client binding proteins and deliver the chaperone substrate to the pathways of antigen processing in cells. SR are able to facilitate the delivery of client proteins to the proteasome, leading to antigen processing and presentation, and stimulation of adaptive immunity. HSPs may also may be involved in innate immunity through activation of inflammatory signaling pathways in a mechanism dependent on SR and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on DC and macrophages. We will discuss the pathways by which HSPs can facilitate uptake of protein antigens and the receptors that regulate the ensuing immune response.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.