ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2019
Seasonal Changes of Serum Gonadotropins and Testosterone in Men Revealed by a Large Data Set of Real-World Observations Over Nine Years.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Bayesian Modeling Approach to Optimize Longitudinal Biomarker Sampling Schedules Using Hormonal Data.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2026Article
- Ameliorative Effects of Vitamin C on Heat Stress-Induced Testicular Dysfunction in Wistar Rats.JBRA assisted reproduction · 2026Article
- Testosterone and Androgen Receptor in Cancers with Significant Sex Dimorphism in Incidence Rates and Survival.Cancers · 2025Review
- The consequences of climate change and male reproductive health: A review of the possible impact and mechanisms.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Review
- Chrono-Endocrinology in Clinical Practice: A Journey from Pathophysiological to Therapeutic Aspects.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Seasonal Variation in Serum Testosterone Levels: Evidence from 2 Large Institutional Databases.Urology research & practice · 2023Article
- Seasonal Variation of Testosterone Levels in a Large Cohort of Men.International journal of endocrinology · 2022Article
- Association Between Type 2 Diabetes and Hypogonadism in India: An Observational Study.Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolismArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Environmental rhythmicity is able to affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in several animals to achieve reproductive advantages. However, conflicting results were obtained when assessing the environmental-dependent rhythmicity on reproductive hormone secretion in humans. This study was designed to evaluate seasonal fluctuations of the main hormones involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in men, using a big data approach. An observational, retrospective, big data trial was carried out, including all testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) measurements performed in a single laboratory between January 2010 and January 2019 using Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay. Subjects presenting any factor interfering with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis were excluded. The trend and seasonal distributions were analyzed using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models. A total of 12,033 data, accounting for 7,491 men (mean age 47.46 ± 13.51 years, range 18-91 years) were included. Testosterone serum levels (mean 5.34 ± 2.06 ng/dL, range 1.70-15.80 ng/dL) showed a seasonal distribution with higher levels in summer and a direct correlation to environmental temperatures and daylight duration. LH levels (mean 4.64 ± 2.54 IU/L, range 1.00-15.00 IU/L) presented 2 peaks of secretion in autumn and spring, independently from environmental parameters. FSH levels (mean 5.51 ± 3.24 IU/L) did not show any seasonal distribution. A clear seasonal fluctuation of both LH and testosterone was demonstrated in a large cohort of adult men, although a circannual seasonality of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal hormones in humans could be not strictly evolutionarily required. Testosterone seasonality seems independent from LH fluctuations, which could be regulated by cyclic central genes expression, and more sensible to environmental temperatures and daylight duration.
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