ArticleDemography2020
Labor Force Participation Over the Life Course: The Long-Term Effects of Employment Trajectories on Wages and the Gendered Payoff to Employment.
Article in Demography, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Employment trajectories and biological aging: Racial and ethnic disparities in work instability and epigenetic age acceleration.SSM - population health · 2026Article
- Role function in postmenopausal women during aromatase inhibitor therapy for breast cancer.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026Article
- Article
- Unpacking gender and race segregation along occupational skills and socio-economic status in Brazil.Nature human behaviour · 2025Article
- Two paradoxes in women's well-being.Science advances · 2025Review
- His and Hers Earnings Trajectories: Economic Homogamy and Long-Term Earnings Inequality Within and Between Different-Sex Couples.Research in social stratification and mobility · 2024Article
- The Health Benefits of Extended Union Membership among Women: A Family Status Perspective.Social currents · 2024Article
- Peeking under the Hood of Job Stress: How Men and Women's Stress Levels Vary by Typologies of Job Quality and Family Composition.Journal of health and social behavior · 2024Article
- The working life expectancy of American adults experiencing depression.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2024Article
- The Life Course of Unemployment: The Timing and Relative Degree of Risk.Work and occupations · 2024Article
- Women's Configurations of Family, Work, and Education: Mapping Diverse Pathways Throughout Adulthood.Social currents · 2024Article
- Article
- Working life sequences over the life course among 9269 women and men in Sweden; a prospective cohort study.PloS one · 2023Article
- Dynamic work trajectories and their interplay with family over the life course.Frontiers in sociology · 2023Review
- Gender, skin color, and household composition explain inequities in household food insecurity in Brazil.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- The Myth of Men's Stable, Continuous Labor Force Attachment: Multitrajectories of U.S. Baby Boomer Men's Employment.Socius : sociological research for a dynamic worldArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In this article, we consider how individuals' long-term employment trajectories relate to wage inequality and the gender wage gap in the United States. Using more than 30 years of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 sample, we identify six employment trajectories for individuals from ages 22 to 50. We find that women across racial/ethnic groups and Black men are more likely than White and Hispanic men to have nonsteady employment trajectories and lower levels of employment throughout their lives, and individuals who have experienced poverty also have heightened risks of intermittent employment. We then assess how trajectories are associated with wages later in careers, at ages 45-50. We find significant variation in wages across work trajectories, with steady high employment leading to the highest wages. This wage variation is primarily explained by work characteristics rather than family characteristics. Finally, we examine gender variation in within-trajectory wages. We find that the gender wage gap is largest in the steady high employment trajectory and is reduced among trajectories with longer durations of nonemployment. Thus, although women are relatively more concentrated in nonsteady trajectories than are men, men who do follow nonsteady wage trajectories incur smaller wage premiums than men in steady high employment pathways, on average. These findings demonstrate that long-term employment paths are important predictors of economic and gender wage inequality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
31997232What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.