Observational studyMaternal and child health journal2020
Ophthalmic Pathology in the Offspring of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
Observational study in Maternal and child health journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Whole-exome sequencing for the genetic diagnosis of early-onset high myopia and associated hereditary eye disorders.BMC medical genomics · 2026Article
- Maternal diabetes mellitus during pregnancy as a risk factor for strabismus and refractive errors in the offspring-A large-scale national study.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Article
- Ocular Microvascular Changes in Offspring Born to Mothers With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Nanjing Eye Study.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Ophthalmic Changes in the Offspring of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus or Diabetes Mellitus - A Systematic Review.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy and High Refractive Error in Offspring During Childhood and Adolescence.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Association of maternal diabetes during pregnancy with visual acuity development in offspring: a prospective cohort study.Acta diabetologica · 2022Article
- Obstetric Risk Factors and Serological Characteristics of Early-Onset Neonates Bacterial Infections.Frontiers in surgery · 2022Article
- Association of maternal diabetes during pregnancy with high refractive error in offspring: a nationwide population-based cohort study.Diabetologia · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGestational diabetes (GD) occurs in 5.8% to 25.1% of pregnant women. This disorder has been linked with intrauterine growth delays, congenital anomalies, and neurobehavioral disorders following birth. As to ophthalmological effects, changes in macular thickness and hypoplasia of the upper quadrant of the papilla have been described.
objectiveTo investigate whether GD has an effect on ophthalmological development in the children born of mothers with this condition.
methodsObservational study carried out in children seen in the ophthalmological outpatient clinic of a pediatric hospital in Barcelona (Spain) between January 2011 and December 2015. Participants were ultimately divided into two groups, a study group whose mothers had GD managed either by insulin or diet (GD group) and a control group of children with non-diabetic mothers. Pregestational diabetes cases, were excluded. Complete information was collected on the children's refraction status, ophthalmological disease, and congenital malformations.
resultsData were compiled on 350 children (229 children born of mothers with GD-186 managed with diet vs 43, with insulin- and 121 controls). The prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus was similar between the groups, but children of mothers with GD had a three-fold greater probability of having refractive errors than children born to mothers without GD. Hyperopia (14.8% vs. 7.4%) and myopia (3.5% vs 0%) were found to be significantly more prevalent in children born of mothers with GD than in the controls (p = 0.027 in both groups).The prevalence of astigmatism was similar in both groups (1.7% vs 0.8%). CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE: Refractive errors are more common in children born of mothers with GD. These conditions are easily managed, but if they are not detected, they can lead to amblyopia or accommodative strabismus, interfere with acquisition of fine motor skills, and lead to learning problems. Regular ocular examinations would be recommended in these patients.
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