ArticlePediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)2020
Racial and health insurance disparities in pediatric acute kidney injury in the USA.
Article in Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Racial and ethnic disparities among children with primary central nervous system tumors in the US.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Pediatric kidney transplant disparities.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Article
- External Validation, Recalibration, and Extension of a Prediction Model of Early Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Children Using Multicenter Data.Critical care explorations · 2026Article
- Racial, Ethnic, and Neighborhood Disparities in Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Acute Leukemia.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Factors and outcomes associated with acute kidney injury in brain tumor resection patients: insights from a large US database (2010-2019).Renal failure · 2025Article
- Incidence of Leading Causes of Pediatric CKD Using Electronic Health Record-Driven Computable Phenotype.Kidney360 · 2025Article
- Identifying acute kidney injury in children: comparing electronic alerts with health record data.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- Age influences the circulating immune profile in pediatric sepsis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Observational
- Sociodemographic Disparities in 1-Year Outcomes of Children With Community-Acquired Acute Kidney Injury.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Caregiver burden in pediatric acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Machine Learning Models for Predicting Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes Associated With Recurrent Neonatal Acute Kidney Injury in the AWAKEN Study.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- The Effects of Race on Acute Kidney Injury.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Consensus-Based Recommendations on Priority Activities to Address Acute Kidney Injury in Children: A Modified Delphi Consensus Statement.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Article
- Structural Inequities and Barriers to Accessing Kidney Healthcare Services in the United States: A Focus on Uninsured and Undocumented Children and Young Adults.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Commentary on "Trends and Racial Disparities for Acute Kidney Injury in Premature Infants: the US National Database".Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2021Article
- Incidence of Serum Creatinine Monitoring and Outpatient Visit Follow-Up among Acute Kidney Injury Survivors after Discharge: A Population-Based Cohort Study.American journal of nephrology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) significantly increases morbidity and mortality for hospitalized children, yet sociodemographic risk factors for pediatric AKI are poorly described. We examined sociodemographic differences in pediatric AKI amongst a national cohort of hospitalized children.
methodsSecondary analysis of the most recent (2012) Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Study sample weights were used to obtain national estimates of AKI (defined by administrative data). KID is a nationally representative sample of pediatric discharges throughout the USA. Linear risk regression models were used to assess the relationship between our primary exposures (race/ethnicity, health insurance, household urbanization, gender, and age) and the diagnosis of AKI, adjusting for comorbidities.
resultsA total of 1,699,841 hospitalizations met our study criteria. In 2012, AKI occurred in approximately 12.3/1000 pediatric hospitalizations, which translates to almost 30,000 children nationally. Asian/Pacific Islander, African-American, and Hispanic children were at slightly increased risk for AKI compared to Caucasian children (adjusted risk difference (RD) 4.5 per 1000 hospitalizations, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.9-6.0; 2.5/1000 hospitalizations, 95% CI 1.7-3.3; and 1.7/1000 hospitalizations, 95% CI 0.9-2.5, respectively). Uninsured children were more likely to suffer AKI compared to children with any health insurance (e.g., no insurance versus Medicaid: adjusted RD 14.4/1000 hospitalizations, 95% CI 12.7-16.2). Based on these national estimates, one episode of AKI might be prevented if 70 (95% CI 62-79) hospitalized children without insurance were provided with Medicaid.
conclusionsPediatric AKI occurs more frequently in racial minority and uninsured children, factors linked to lower socioeconomic status.
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