ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2020
Phthalates and Sex Steroid Hormones Among Men From NHANES, 2013-2016.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phthalates as the silent saboteurs of male fertility via changes in semen quality: a systematic review.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Literature Review of Reproductive Toxicological Studies on Phthalates.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Review
- Phthalate induced testicular degeneration in mice: biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical evidence for the interplay of oxidative stress, caspase-3, and NF-κB signaling.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Targeting Epigenetic Dysregulation: Antioxidants as Countermeasures Against EDC-Induced Reproductive Toxicity.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The associations between exposure to mixed environmental endocrine disruptors and sex steroid hormones in men: a comparison of different statistical models.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Decoding sex-specific metabolomic biomarkers in the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta).Communications biology · 2024Article
- Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: Mainstream recognition of health effects and implications for the practicing internist.Journal of internal medicine · 2024Article
- Association between systemic immunity-inflammation index and sex hormones in children and adolescents aged 6-19.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Occurrence, Fate, and Reduction Measures of Phthalates in the Cooking Process: A Review.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2023Review
- Associations of urinary metabolite concentrations of phthalates and phthalate replacements with body composition from mid-childhood to early adolescence.Environmental research · 2023Article
- Associations Between Repeated Measures of Urinary Phthalate Metabolites With Hormones and Timing of Natural Menopause.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2023Article
- Article
- The Minderoo-Monaco Commission on Plastics and Human Health.Annals of global health · 2023Review
- Association of probiotic ingestion with serum sex steroid hormones among pre- and postmenopausal women from the NHANES, 2013-2016.PloS one · 2023Observational
- Associations between urinary concentrations of bisphenols and serum concentrations of sex hormones among US. Males.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2022Article
- Article
- Association of Exposure to Phthalate Metabolites With Sex Hormones, Obesity, and Metabolic Syndrome in US Women.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Serum PFAS and Urinary Phthalate Biomarker Concentrations and Bone Mineral Density in 12-19 Year Olds: 2011-2016 NHANES.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextPhthalates are commonly found in commercial packaging, solvents, vinyl, and personal care products, and there is concern for potential endocrine-disrupting effects in males. The commonly used di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) has progressively been replaced by seldom studied compounds, such as bis-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate and 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid di-isononyl ester (DINCH).
objectiveTo investigate the associations between the urinary phthalate metabolites and serum sex steroid hormone concentrations in a nationally representative sample of adult males. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND
interventionThis was a cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey among 1420 male participants aged ≥20 years.
main outcome measuresSerum levels of total testosterone, estradiol, SHBG, and derived sex hormone measurements of free testosterone, bioavailable testosterone, and free androgen index were examined as log-transformed continuous variables.
resultsPhthalate metabolites were not statistically significantly associated with sex hormone concentrations among all men. However, associations varied by age. High molecular weight phthalates were associated with lower total, free, and bioavailable testosterone among men age ≥60. Specifically, each doubling of ΣDEHP was associated with 7.72% lower total testosterone among older men (95% confidence interval, -12.76% to -2.39%). Low molecular phthalates were associated with lower total, free, and bioavailable testosterone among men age 20 to 39 and ∑DINCH was associated with lower total testosterone among men age ≥40.
conclusionsOur results indicate that males may be vulnerable to different phthalate metabolites in age-specific ways. These results support further investigation into the endocrine-disrupting effects of phthalates.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.