ArticleScientific reports2020
Cathepsin S activation contributes to elevated CX3CL1 (fractalkine) levels in tears of a Sjögren's syndrome murine model.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pathological mechanisms of Sjögren's disease-related dry eye: from multiglandular dysfunction to ocular surface inflammation.International ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Estrogen receptor 1 activation suppresses microglia-derived Tnf-α signaling as a photoreceptor self-protection mechanism.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
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- Cathepsins: Emerging targets in the tumor ecosystem to overcome cancers.Seminars in cancer biology · 2025Review
- Unraveling the causal nexus of cathepsins and rheumatoid arthritis: Insights from a two-sample Mendelian randomization framework.Medicine · 2025Article
- Cathepsin S: molecular mechanisms in inflammatory and immunological processes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Conductive Polyisocyanide Hydrogels Inhibit Fibrosis and Promote Myogenesis.ACS applied bio materials · 2024Article
- An Improved Understanding of the Pathophysiology of Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A 3D In Vitro Model under Static and Mechanical Loading Conditions.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Article
- Myeloid-derived growth factor promotes M2 macrophage polarization and attenuates Sjögren's syndrome via suppression of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Chemokines and lymphocyte homing in Sjögren's syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Early Dry Eye Disease Onset in a NOD.H-2h4 Mouse Model of Sjögren's Syndrome.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- Novel Synthetic Polymer-Based 3D Contraction Assay: A Versatile Preclinical Research Platform for Fibrosis.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2022Article
- The chemotherapeutic drug carboplatin affects macrophage responses to LPS and LPS tolerance via epigenetic modifications.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Targeted Therapy for Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: Where are We Now?BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2021Review
- Phenylephrine increases tear cathepsin S secretion in healthy murine lacrimal gland acinar cells through an alternative secretory pathway.Experimental eye research · 2021Article
- Rab27a Contributes to Cathepsin S Secretion in Lacrimal Gland Acinar Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Insights Into Transcriptome Profiles Associated With Wooden Breast Myopathy in Broilers Slaughtered at the Age of 6 or 7 Weeks.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Integrative Identification of Hub Genes Associated With Immune Cells in Atrial Fibrillation Using Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2020Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Autoimmune dacryoadenitis and altered lacrimal gland (LG) secretion are features of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Activity of cathepsin S (CTSS), a cysteine protease, is significantly and specifically increased in SS patient tears. The soluble chemokine, CX3CL1 (fractalkine), is cleaved from membrane-bound CX3CL1 by proteases including CTSS. We show that CX3CL1 is significantly elevated by 2.5-fold in tears (p = 0.0116) and 1.4-fold in LG acinar cells (LGAC)(p = 0.0026) from male NOD mice, a model of autoimmune dacryoadenitis in SS, relative to BALB/c controls. Primary mouse LGAC and human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-T cells) exposed to interferon-gamma, a cytokine elevated in SS, showed up to 9.6-fold (p ≤ 0.0001) and 25-fold (p ≤ 0.0001) increases in CX3CL1 gene expression, and 1.9-fold (p = 0.0005) and 196-fold (p ≤ 0.0001) increases in CX3CL1 protein expression, respectively. Moreover, exposure of HCE-T cells to recombinant human CTSS at activity equivalent to that in SS patient tears increased cellular CX3CL1 gene and protein expression by 2.8-fold (p = 0.0021) and 5.1-fold (p ≤ 0.0001), while increasing CX3CL1 in culture medium by 5.8-fold (p ≤ 0.0001). Flow cytometry demonstrated a 4.5-fold increase in CX3CR1-expressing immune cells (p ≤ 0.0001), including increased T-cells and macrophages, in LG from NOD mice relative to BALB/c. CTSS-mediated induction/cleavage of CX3CL1 may contribute to ocular surface and LG inflammation in SS.
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