ArticleParasites & vectors2020
Hc-hrg-2, a glutathione transferase gene, regulates heme homeostasis in the blood-feeding parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cloning and functional analysis of glutathione S-transferase geneFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- The mrp-3 gene is involved in haem efflux and detoxification in a blood-feeding nematode.BMC biology · 2024Article
- Proteomic differences between extracellular vesicles and extracellular vesicle-depleted excretory/secretory products of barber's pole worm.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Notes from the Underground: Heme Homeostasis inBiomolecules · 2023Review
- Haem transporter HRG-1 is essential in the barber's pole worm and an intervention target candidate.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Proteins Bind to Hemoglobin and Its Metabolites.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- One ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them: The trafficking of heme without deliverers.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundHaemonchus contortus, a blood-feeding parasite, is constantly surrounded by large quantities of heme released from the catabolism of host red blood cells. To cope with the toxicity of free heme, H. contortus needs to uptake and detoxify the heme, a process believed to be paramount for parasite survival.
methodsA heme-responsive gene Hc-hrg-2 was identified which is the homologue of Ce-hrg-2. The transcriptional levels in all developmental stages and heme-responsive ability of Hc-hrg-2 were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Immunofluorescence analysis and cell transfections were performed to analyze the expression pattern of Hc-HGR-2. Statistical analyses were performed with GraghPad Prism 6.0 using Student's t-test.
resultsTo investigate the heme homeostasis of H. contortus, we first identified a heme-responsive gene Hc-hrg-2, a homolog of Ce-hrg-2 that is involved in heme transport in the hypodermis of Caenorhabditis elegans. Using qRT-PCR, we showed that Hc-hrg-2 mRNA was expressed throughout all life-cycle stages of H. contortus with the highest level in the third-stage larvae (L3s). Notably, transcription of Hc-hrg-2 in the exsheathed L3s was significantly upregulated in the presence of high concentration of heme. We found that Hc-HRG-2 protein was mainly located in the hypodermal tissues of adult H. contortus in vivo and the endoplasmic reticulum in the transfected mammalian cells. Our in vitro assay demonstrated that Hc-HRG-2 is a heme-binding protein with glutathione S-transferase activity and heme had a significant effect on its enzymatic activity when a model substrate 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) was used.
conclusionsHc-hrg-2 is a heme-responsive gene and engaged in heme homeostasis regulation in hypodermal tissues during the free-living stages of H. contortus.
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