ArticleNutrition journal2020
Trends in tap and bottled water consumption among children and adults in the United States: analyses of NHANES 2011-16 data.
Article in Nutrition journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Water First School Water Promotion and Access Intervention: A Cost Analysis Study.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2025Trial
- How providing a low-cost water filter pitcher led Latino parents to reduce sugar-sweetened beverages and increase their water intake: explanatory qualitative results from the Water Up!@Home intervention trial.Public health nutrition · 2022Trial
- Nonalcoholic Beverage Consumption Among Youth and Adults: United States, August 2021-August 2023.NCHS data brief · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic and attitudinal predictors of bottled water use among lower-income households in Southwest Virginia.Journal of water and health · 2026Article
- Patterns of plastic food container use as potential sources of MNP exposure: a latent class analysis approach.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Potential Lead Risk and Water Consumption Behavior in the Chicago Area: A Coordinated Oral Health Promotion (CO-OP) Study Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Water from Food in Young Chinese Adults: Patterns, Determinants, and Public Health Implications: A Cross-Sectional Study Across the Seven Geographic Regions.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exploring barriers and facilitators to water availability and accessibility, and potential strategies for improving water accessibility and children's intake in family childcare homes: a qualitative study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Article
- Consumption of Tap Water and Sociodemographic-Associated Characteristics: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Trends in Calcium Intake among the US Population: Results from the NHANES (1999-2018).Nutrients · 2024Article
- California's Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed)Public health nutrition · 2023Article
- Cutting-edge computational chemical exposure research at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.Environment international · 2023Review
- The association between hydration status and total fluid intake in healthy children and adolescents.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- The association between hydration status and body composition in healthy children and adolescents.Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM · 2023Article
- Using Water Intake Dietary Recall Data to Provide a Window into US Water Insecurity.The Journal of nutrition · 2022Article
- How have media campaigns been used to promote and discourage healthy and unhealthy beverages in the United States? A systematic scoping review to inform future research to reduce sugary beverage health risks.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2022Article
- Availability, Toxicology and Medical Significance of Antimony.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Contribution of household drinking water intake to arsenic and lead exposure among Uruguayan schoolchildren.Chemosphere · 2022Article
- Secular trends and customer characteristics of sweetened beverage and water purchasing at US convenience and other small food stores, 2014-2017.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-20 recommend choosing water in place of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). This study examined water consumption patterns and trends among children and adults in the US.
methodsDietary intake data for 7453 children (4-18y) and 15,263 adults (>19y) came from two 24 h dietary recalls in three cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2011-2016). Water was categorized as tap or bottled (plain). Other beverages were assigned to 15 categories. Water and other beverage intakes (in mL/d) were analyzed by sociodemographic variables and sourcing location. Consumption time trends from 2011 to 2016 were also examined. Total water intakes from water, other beverages and moisture from foods (mL/d) were compared to Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for water.
resultsTotal dietary water (2718 mL/d) came from water (1066 mL/d), other beverages (1036 mL/d) and from food moisture (618 mL/d). Whereas total water intakes remained stable, a significant decline in SSB from 2011 to 2016 was fully offset by an increase in the consumption of plain water. The main sources of water were tap at home (288 mL/d), tap away from home (301 mL/d), and bottled water from stores (339 mL/d). Water and other beverage consumption patterns varied with age, incomes and race/ethnicity. Higher tap water consumption was associated with higher incomes, but bottled water was not. Non-Hispanic whites consumed most tap water (781 mL/d) whereas Mexican Americans consumed most bottled water (605 mL/d). Only about 40% of the NHANES sample on average followed US recommendations for adequate water intakes.
conclusionThe present results suggest that while total water intakes among children and adults have stayed constant, drinking water, tap and bottled, has been replacing SSB in the US diet.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.