ArticleBMC infectious diseases2020
Different macrophage polarization between drug-susceptible and multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- The striking divergence of ABCB1 mRNA expression and P-glycoprotein protein levels in M1 and M2 macrophages associates with the microRNA miR-21-3p, a regulator of "RNA binding protein, mRNA processing factor".Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Rifabutin boosts rifampicin accumulation in THP-1-derived M2 macrophages by inhibiting P-glycoprotein efflux activity.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis reinforces M2 polarization of macrophages by activating glutamine metabolism.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026Article
- THP-1-derived polarized macrophages differ by drug transporter transcriptomics, P-glycoprotein activity and rifampicin uptake kinetics.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Effect of PKM2 onFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Interplay of human macrophage response and natural resistance of infection by L. (V.) panamensis to pentavalent antimony.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Nanopore-based targeted sequencing (NTS) for drug-resistant tuberculosis: an integrated tool for personalized treatment strategies and guidance for new drug development.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Fitness costs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to rifampicin is compensated by rapid Th2 polarization mediated by early and high IL-4 production during mice infection.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Risk factors for hospital readmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: evidence of longitudinal follow-up data in Ningbo, China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Tuberculous pleural effusion-induced Arg-1Respiratory research · 2024Article
- High and Low Levels ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Rifampicin drug resistance and host immunity in tuberculosis: more than meets the eye.Trends in immunology · 2023Review
- Early innate cell interactions withFrontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Article
- No smoke without fire: the impact of cigarette smoking on the immune control of tuberculosis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Review
- Macrophage: A Cell With Many Faces and Functions in Tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Sensitivity and specificity of the mean corpuscular volume and CD4/CD8 ratio in discriminating between rifampicin resistant and rifampicin sensitive tuberculosis.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2020Article
- Immunometabolism during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection.Trends in microbiology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMacrophages play a key role in the infection process, and alternatively activated macrophages (M2 polarization) play important roles in persistent infection via the immune escape of pathogens. This suggests that immune escape of pathogens from host immunity is an important factor to consider in treatment failure and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)/extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). In this study, we investigated the association between macrophage polarization and MDR-TB/XDR-TB and the association between macrophage polarization and the anti-TB drugs used.
methodsiNOS and arginase-1, a surface marker of polarized macrophages, were quantified by immunohistochemical staining and imaging analysis of lung tissues of patients who underwent surgical treatment for pulmonary TB. Drug susceptibility/resistance and the type and timing of anti-tuberculosis drugs used were investigated.
resultsThe M2-like polarization rate and the ratio of the M2-like polarization rate to the M1-like polarization rate were significantly higher in the MDR-TB/XDR-TB group than in the DS-TB group. The association between a high M2-like polarization rate and MDR-TB/XDR-TB was more pronounced in patients with a low M1-like polarization rate. Younger age and a higher M2-like polarization rate were independent associated factors for MDR-TB/XDR-TB. The M2-like polarization rate was significantly higher in patients who received anti-TB drugs containing pyrazinamide continuously for 4 or 6 weeks than in those who received anti-TB drugs not containing pyrazinamide.
conclusionsThe M2-like polarization of macrophages is associated with MDR-TB/XDR-TB and anti-TB drug regimens including pyrazinamide or a combination of pyrazinamide, prothionamide and cycloserine.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.