ReviewHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2020
BCG: a vaccine with multiple faces.
Review in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04362124 (Performance Evaluation of BCG Vaccination in Healthcare Personnel to Reduce the Severity of SARS-COV-2 Infection in Medellín, Colombia, 2020), which is not on this map. Cited by 52 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Performance Evaluation of BCG Vaccination in Healthcare Personnel to Reduce the Severity of SARS-COV-2 Infection in Medellín, Colombia, 2020
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trained immunity: New insights into pathogenesis and therapeutic targets in diabetes and diabetic complications.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- BCG HSP70 Reprograms Macrophages via Central Trained Immunity to Suppress Prostate Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Immunological mechanistic action of intravenous BCG-mediated protection against tuberculosis.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- Rethinking Neonatal Vaccination Policies: A Neuroimmune Perspective.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Autoantibodies and vitamin D in leprosy patients in the Brazilian Amazon.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- An Overview of the Factors Related toVaccines · 2026Review
- The TRIM-cancer paradox: BCG as a programmable vaccine platform and a mechanistic probe for rational immunotherapy design.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- New concepts of chitosan-based mucosal formulations for supporting control of the gastric pathogenFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Upregulation of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms facilitating prevention of gastricFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Analysis of three cases of disseminated BCG infection in infants after BCG vaccination in Beijing, China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Unleashing the power of the BCG vaccine in modulating viral immunity through heterologous protection: A scoping review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- BCG-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles Induce TLR2-Dependent Trained Immunity to Protect Against Polymicrobial Sepsis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Reactivation of BCG vaccination SCAR after influenza vaccination: a case report.Oxford medical case reports · 2025Article
- Scar among Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccinated Children Presenting to an Immunisation Clinic at a Tertiary Hospital in Nepal: An Observational Study.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2025Observational
- Evaluation of Immunogenicity ofVaccines · 2025Article
- A BCG kill switch strain protects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice and non-human primates with improved safety and immunogenicity.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Vaccines in Dermatology-Present and Future: A Review.Vaccines · 2025Review
- BCG vaccination: historical role, modern applications, and future perspectives in tuberculosis and beyond.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Review
- Ecuador Towards Zero Leprosy: A Twenty-Three-Year Retrospective Epidemiologic and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Leprosy in Ecuador.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BCG has been recommended because of its efficacy against disseminated and meningeal tuberculosis. The BCG vaccine has other mechanisms of action besides tuberculosis protection, with immunomodulatory properties that are now being discovered. Reports have shown a significant protective effect against leprosy. Randomized controlled trials suggest that BCG vaccine has beneficial heterologous (nonspecific) effects on mortality in some developing countries. BCG immunotherapy is considered the gold standard adjuvant treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. BCG vaccine has also been tested as treatment for diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Erythema of the BCG site is recognized as a clinical clue in Kawasaki disease. BCG administration in the immunodeficient patient is associated with local BCG disease (BCGitis) or disseminated BCG disease (BCGosis) with fatal consequences. BCG administration has been associated with the development of autoimmunity. We present a brief review of the diverse facets of the vaccine, with the discovery of its new modes of action providing new perspectives on this old, multifaceted and controversial vaccine.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.