SynthesisCanadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie2020
Rurality and Risk of Suicide Attempts and Death by Suicide among People Living in Four English-speaking High-income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of the association between alcohol-related deaths and area-level socioeconomic deprivation and other geographic characteristics in high-income countries.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Social Determinants of Health and Suicide-Related Outcomes: A Review of Meta-Analyses.JAMA psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Are we Using the Right Evidence to Inform Suicide Prevention in Low- and Middle-Income Countries? An Umbrella Review.Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide ResearchPooled it
- Prehospital suicide mortality in the Lake Van basin: rural-urban disparities from three-year EMS dispatch surveillance in eastern Türkiye.BMC emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Among key social determinants, connection associated with lowest odds of non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal ideation among Australian youth.The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- A century of suicide: Insights from long-term data in the United States.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- A national study of sex and mental health considerations among provincial and territorial correctional workers in Canada.Discover mental health · 2025Article
- Community-based Suicide Interventions in Rural United States: A Scoping Review.Community mental health journal · 2025Article
- The relationship between gender identity, economic stressors, social support, concurrent substance use and suicidal ideation.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- Repeat self-harm hospitalizations in Canada: a survival analysis.Injury epidemiology · 2025Article
- Burnout and Professional Quality of Life Amongst Crisis Hotline Responders: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Canada During COVID-19.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Suicide Among Older People in Spain: The Role of Sex and Urbanicity.International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2025Article
- Suicidality in Primary Care, Youth Mental Health Services: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Implications for Practice.Early intervention in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Rural Suicide: Demographics, Causes, and Treatment Implications.Community mental health journal · 2025Article
- Characteristics and Risk of Adverse Mental Health Events Amongst Users of the National Overdose Response Service (NORS) Telephone Hotline.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Gender Identity, Economic Stressors, Social Support, Concurrent Substance Use and Suicidal Ideation.Research square · 2024Article
- [Suicide and medical practices: Assessing the way of life among Colombian coffee-growing rural men in mental health care].Salud colectiva · 2024Article
- Epidemiology of Suicide Mortality in Paraguay from 2005 to 2019: A Descriptive Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Observational
- A Community-Engaged Approach to Understanding Suicide in a Small Rural County in Georgia: A Two-Phase Content Analysis of Individual and Focus Group Interviews.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Suicide among Cancer Patients: Current Knowledge and Directions for Observational Research.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePrevious research indicates a potential relationship between rurality and suicide, indicating that those living in rural areas may be at increased risk of suicide. This relationship has not been reviewed systematically. This study aims to determine whether those living in rural areas are more likely to complete or attempt suicide.
methodThis systematic review and meta-analysis included observational studies based on people living in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Data sources included PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar from January 2006 to December 2017. Studies must have compared rural and urban suicide or suicide attempts. Nonprimary research articles were excluded.
resultsA total of 6,259 studies were identified and 53 were included. Results indicate that males living in rural areas are more likely to complete suicide than their urban counterparts (RR = 1.41, 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.64,
conclusionsThose living in rural areas are more likely to complete suicide, with some studies indicating that only rural males are more likely to complete suicide; these findings are relatively consistent across all four countries. Public health initiatives should aim to overcome geographic variation in completed suicide, with a particular focus on rural males.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.