ArticleBioscience reports2020
The effects of the M2a macrophage-induced axonal regeneration of neurons by arginase 1.
Article in Bioscience reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in the research of the role of macrophage/microglia polarization-mediated inflammatory response in spinal cord injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Unveiling the role of circulating monocyte-macrophage polarization state and PD-L1/PD-L2 expression in newly diagnosed pediatric ITP.Blood research · 2026Article
- Balancing inflammation and regeneration: immune cell dynamics in nerve repair: a comprehensive review.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Systemic Interleukin-4 Application Promotes Functional Recovery and Reprograms Neuroinflammatory and Molecular Responses after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats.Theranostics · 2026Article
- Unraveling the Roles of Macrophages in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Histone modifications and metabolic reprogramming in tumor-associated macrophages: a potential target of tumor immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The immunological landscape of traumatic brain injury: insights from pathophysiology to experimental models.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Tumor-associated macrophages in colon cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, natural product interventions, and microenvironment remodeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Remote ischemic preconditioning plays a neuroprotective role in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion mice by inhibiting mitophagy.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Crosstalk between macrophages and immunometabolism and their potential roles in tissue repair and regeneration.Heliyon · 2024Review
- α-Gal Nanoparticles in CNS Trauma: II. Immunomodulation Following Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Improves Functional Outcomes.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2024Article
- Effects of Physical Cues on Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles toward Neuropathy Applications.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- The role of immunometabolism in macrophage polarization and its impact on acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- An immune-sympathetic neuron communication axis guides adipose tissue browning in cancer-associated cachexia.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Protecting tissue integrity and enteric function: the case for type 2 inflammation and macrophages.Trends in parasitology · 2022Article
- Integrated Brain Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology Analysis to Reveal the Improvement Effect of Bai Chan Ting on Parkinson's Disease.BioMed research international · 2022Article
- Plasma arginase-1 as a predictive marker for early transarterial chemoembolization refractoriness in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Osteoimmunology drives dental implant osseointegration: A new paradigm for implant dentistry.The Japanese dental science review · 2021Review
- Hematogenous Macrophages: A New Therapeutic Target for Spinal Cord Injury.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Biomaterials delivery strategies to repair spinal cord injury by modulating macrophage phenotypes.Journal of tissue engineeringReview
Corrections and comments
- Retracted
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a challenge worldwide, but there are no effective treatments or therapeutic methods in the clinic. Recent studies have shown that type I arginase (Arginase1, Arg1) is closely associated with the treatment of SCI. The classical treatment for SCI involves filling the local area of SCI with activated M2a macrophages to allow the repair and regeneration of some synapses, but the specific mechanism of action of Arg1 is not clear.
methodIn the present study, we first induced the polarization of RAW264.7 macrophages to M2a-type cells using IL-4 and constructed an Arg1 knockout cell line through the use of shRNA; we used these cells to treat a rat model of SCI. Finally, the present study explored the mechanism and pathway by which Arginase 1 regulates spinal repair by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry.
resultSuspended M2a (Arg1-/+) macrophages were transplanted into the injury site in a rat model of contusion SCI. Compared with the model group and the shArg1 group, the shScramble (shSc) group exhibited higher Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan motor function scores, more compact structures and more Nissl bodies. Immunohistochemical results showed that the shSc group expressed higher levels of NeuN (a neuronal marker) and tau (an axonal marker), as well as the up-regulation of Cdc42, N-WASP, Arp2/3 and tau, as determined by Western blot.
conclusionThe study found that the polarization of M2a macrophages promoted the expression of Arginase 1, which restored axonal regeneration, promoted axonal regeneration, and promoted the structural and functional recovery of the contused spinal cord.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.