Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31994025›Full record

ArticleDrug delivery and translational research2020

Biodegradable polyethylene glycol hydrogels for sustained release and enhanced stability of rhGALNS enzyme.

Era Jain, Michael Flanagan, Saahil Sheth, Shiragi Patel, Qi Gan, Birju Patel, Adriana M Montaño, Silviya P Zustiak

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Drug delivery and translational research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 26% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Recent advances in mucopolysaccharidosis IVA treatment.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Era Jain *Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, 3507 Lindell Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA.
Michael Flanagan *Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, 1100 South Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
Saahil Sheth *Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, 3507 Lindell Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA.
Shiragi Patel *School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
Qi GanDepartment of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, 1100 South Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
Birju PatelDepartment of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, 1100 South Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
Adriana M MontañoDepartment of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, 1100 South Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA. adriana.montano@health.slu.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3971-5789
Silviya P ZustiakDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, 3507 Lindell Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA. silviya.zustiak@slu.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7648-8351
Saint Louis University · US

Funding

Saint Louis University Department of Pediatrics in association with Cardinal Glennon FoundationSaint Louis University Graduate Scholarship
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (Morquio A disease) is a genetic disorder caused by deficiency of N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate-sulfatase (GALNS), leading to accumulation of keratan sulfate and chondroitin-6-sulfate in lysosomes. Many patients become wheelchair-dependent as teens, and their life span is 20-30 years. Currently, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is the treatment of choice. Although it alleviates some symptoms, replacing GALNS enzyme poses several challenges including very fast clearance from circulation and instability at 37 °C. These constraints affect frequency and cost of enzyme infusion and ability to reach all tissues. In this study, we developed injectable and biodegradable polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels, loaded with recombinant human GALNS (rhGALNS) to improve enzyme stability and bioavailability, and to sustain release. We established the enzyme's release profile via bulk release experiments and determined diffusivity using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. We observed that PEG hydrogels preserved enzyme activity during sustained release for 7 days. In the hydrogel, rhGALNS diffused almost four times slower than in buffer. We further confirmed that the enzyme was active when released from the hydrogels, by measuring its uptake in patient fibroblasts. The developed hydrogel delivery device could overcome current limits of rhGALNS replacement and improve quality of life for Morquio A patients. Encapsulated GALNS enzyme in a polyethylene glycol hydrogel improves GALNS stability by preserving its activity, and provides sustained release for a period of at least 7 days.

Indexed as

ChondroitinsulfatasesMucopolysaccharidosis IVDelayed-Action PreparationsHumansHydrogelsPolyethylene GlycolsQuality of LifeRecombinant ProteinsChondroitinsulfatasesDelayed-Action PreparationsGALNS protein, humanHydrogelsPolyethylene GlycolsRecombinant ProteinsBioactivityEnzyme replacement therapyEnzyme stabilityGALNSHydrogelMorquio A diseasePolyethylene glycolSustained release

Identifiers

PMID31994025
OpenAlexW3003206864

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.