ReviewPain and therapy2020
Kratom-Pharmacology, Clinical Implications, and Outlook: A Comprehensive Review.
Review in Pain and therapy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- Decoding kratom: molecular mechanisms and epigenetic factors in use and dependence.Translational psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Reported associations between kratom and seizures: a systematic review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of (pre)clinical studies on the therapeutic potential and safety profile of kratom in humans.Human psychopharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Human Mitragynine and 7-Hydroxymitragynine Pharmacokinetics after Single and Multiple Daily Doses of Oral Encapsulated Dried Kratom Leaf Powder.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Trial
- Effects of Botanical Variation, Plant Part, and Extraction Technique on Mitragynine and 7-Hydroxymitragynine in Kratom (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Mitragynine and 7-hydroxy-mitragyine plasma pharmacokinetics in humans after single and 15 multiple oral kratom extract doses.Journal of analytical toxicology · 2026Article
- Chronic Kratom Use as a Potential Risk Factor for Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- A review on Mitragyna alkaloids pharmacology, biosynthesis and biotechnological insights.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Article
- Mitragynine and Morphine Stabilize Different Conformations of the μ‑Opioid Receptor as Revealed by Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Review
- Unravelling Rational Design of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Selective Mitragynine Isolation from Kratom: Quantum Mechanical, Molecular Dynamics, and Experimental Insights.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Hematological and clinical-chemistry parameters of kratom users: a comparative study of users and non-users in Southern Thailand.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- UV-B and far-red light shape morphological and phytochemical responses in kratom.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Kratom Brands in Vape Shops Across the US.Health behavior research · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of Oliceridine versus Sufentanil in postoperative analgesia for burn skin grafting: a machine learning and SHAP-based cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Exploratory evaluation of encapsulated kratom using multimodal quantitative sensory testing in dogs.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- A Review of Kratom Product Evolution and Its Associated Health Outcomes.Substance abuse and rehabilitation · 2026Review
- A Computational Workflow for Membrane Protein-Ligand Interaction Studies: Focus on α5-Containing GABA (A) Receptors.Bio-protocol · 2025Article
- In vitro skin permeation of mitragynine: Optimisation of antioxidants for enhanced drug stability and formulation performance.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Kratom, or Mitragyna, is a tropical plant indigenous to Southeast Asia, with unique pharmacological properties. It is commonly consumed by preparing the leaves into decoction or tea, or by grinding them into a powder. Recent evidence has revealed that kratom has physiological effects similar to opioids, including pain relief and euphoria, as well as stimulant properties, which together raise potential concern for dependence and addiction. Moreover, growing evidence suggests that the prevalence of kratom use is increasing in many parts of the world, raising important considerations for healthcare providers. This manuscript will discuss the most current epidemiology, pharmacology, toxicity, and management related to kratom, while seeking to provide a contemporary perspective on the issue and its role in the greater context of the opioid epidemic.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.