ArticleHepatology international2020
Gross type of hepatocellular carcinoma reflects the tumor hypoxia, fibrosis, and stemness-related marker expression.
Article in Hepatology international, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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30 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Single Large Nodule (>5 cm) Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Kinship with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Stage A or B?Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2020Trial
- Preoperative contrast-enhanced CT prediction of distinct vascular patterns in solitary early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma and its prognostic value.Insights into imaging · 2026Article
- Integrative multi-omics profiling identifies infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma as an immunotherapy-resistant subtype with distinct molecular features.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2026Article
- Preoperative 3D morphological phenotyping of hepatocellular carcinoma via a foundation model: a non-invasive biomarker for recurrence risk stratification.eGastroenterology · 2026Article
- Predicting postresection outcomes in solitary small hepatocellular carcinoma via pretreatment MR imaging features: subgroup analysis according to alpha-fetoprotein expression.European radiology · 2025Article
- MRI-based prediction of microvascular invasion/high tumor grade and adjuvant therapy benefit for solitary HCC ≤ 5 cm: a multicenter cohort study.European radiology · 2025Article
- MRI-based prediction of the need for wide resection margins in patients with single hepatocellular carcinoma.European radiology · 2025Article
- MiR-10a-5p suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression and microvascular invasion by targeting TFR1-STAT3-CD24 signaling axis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Prognostic Value of Gd-BOPTA Enhanced MRI in Solitary Resected Hepatocellular Carcinoma Without Microvascular Invasion.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2025Article
- Prognostic significance of MRI features in patients with solitary large hepatocellular carcinoma following surgical resection.European radiology · 2024Article
- Prognostic MRI features to predict postresection survivals for very early to intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma.European radiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Metadherin promotes stem cell phenotypes and correlated with immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma.World journal of gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Macroscopic Characterization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Underexploited Source of Prognostic Factors.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2024Review
- Establishment and Validation of the LI-RADS Morphologic Type II Hepatocellular Carcinoma Early Recurrence Risk Scoring System.Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract · 2023Article
- Article
- Advances in Histological and Molecular Classification of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- LI-RADS Morphological Type Predicts Prognosis of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Radical Resection.Annals of surgical oncology · 2023Article
- Necrosis score as a prognostic factor in stage I-III colorectal cancer: a retrospective multicenter study.Discover oncology · 2023Article
- Reflections on prediction of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma by pathology images.Hepatology international · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is subclassified into five gross types, namely, vaguely nodular (VN), single nodular (SN), single nodular with extranodular growth (SNEG), confluent multinodular (CM), and infiltrative (INF) type. However, the pathological background underlying differences in biological behavior of different gross types of HCC remains unclear.
methodsThe histopathological features, clinical outcomes of HCC gross types, and their relationships with stemness-related marker status and fibrotic/hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) were evaluated in 266 resected HCCs. The stemness-related markers (CD24, CD44, CD133, SALL4, YAP1, K19 and EpCAM), fibrous tumor stroma (αSMA), and hypoxia (CAIX) were evaluated with immunohistochemistry.
resultsPoorer differentiation, reduced capsule formation, higher microvascular invasion, larger tumor size and larger area of necrosis were observed in order of VN-SN-SNEG-CM-INF type (p = 0.005 for all, linear-by-linear association). The expression of summed stemness-related markers and hypoxic/fibrotic TME showed an increasing trend in order of VN-SN-SNEG-CM-INF type (p < 0.005), and their expression well correlated with each other. INF type was found only in HCCs with hypoxic/fibrotic TME or high expression of stemness-related markers. CAIX expression and tumor necrosis ≥ 30% were independent prognostic markers for disease-specific survival. Early recurrence-free survival showed a significant difference based on gross types, revealing best outcome with VN type and worst outcome with INF type.
conclusionThe marker expression of stemness-related and hypoxic/fibrotic TME of HCC showed an increasing trend in order of VN-SN-SNEG-CM-INF gross types, and their cross-talk may be involved in the determination of various gross-morphological features and their distinct biological behavior.
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