Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2021
How Financial Incentives Increase Smoking Cessation: A Two-Level Path Analysis.
Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Understanding the mechanisms of change in social norms around tobacco use: A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Mechanisms of change in a randomized control pilot study of partner-involved financial incentive treatments for dual-smoking couples.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2025Trial
- Smoking Cessation Programs Are Less Effective in Smokers with Low Socioeconomic Status Even When Financial Incentives for Quitting Smoking Are Offered-A Community-Randomized Smoking Cessation Trial in Denmark.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Mechanisms of Smartphone Apps for Cigarette Smoking Cessation: Results of a Serial Mediation Model From the iCanQuit Randomized Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2021Trial
- The effectiveness of a real-world smoking cessation clinic: A prospective cohort study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Evaluating partner-involved financial incentive treatments for smoking cessation in dual-smoker couples: A randomized controlled trial protocol.Contemporary clinical trials · 2025Article
- The Effect of Clinical Factors on the Reversion of Cg05575921 Methylation in Smoking Cessation.Epigenomes · 2025Article
- Exploring the non-linear association of daily cigarette consumption behavior and food security- An application of CMP GAM regression.PloS one · 2025Article
- The Impact of Monetary Incentives on Delay Discounting Within a Year-Long Physical Activity Intervention.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2024Article
- How and why do financial incentives contribute to helping people stop smoking? A realist review.BMC public health · 2024Review
- Aniqsaaq (To Breathe): Study protocol to develop and evaluate an Alaska Native family-based financial incentive intervention for smoking cessation.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2023Article
- Tobacco use behaviors and views on engaging in clinical trials for tobacco cessation among individuals who experience homelessness.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2023Article
- Lottery incentives for smoking cessation at the workplace: design and protocol of the smoke-free lottery - a cluster randomized trial.BMC public health · 2023Article
- How and why do financial incentives contribute to helping people stop smoking? A realist review protocol.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Effect of Funding Medications for Nicotine Dependence on Tobacco Control: A Narrative Review.Open respiratory archivesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionFinancial incentives effectively increase smoking cessation rates, but it is unclear via which psychological mechanisms incentives influence quit behavior. The current study examines how receiving financial incentives for smoking cessation leads to quitting smoking and investigates several mediators and moderators of that relationship. AIMS AND
methodsThe study sample consisted of 604 tobacco-smoking employees from 61 companies in the Netherlands who completed a baseline and follow-up questionnaire. The current study is a secondary analysis from a cluster randomized trial where employees received smoking cessation group counseling at the workplace. Participants in the intervention group additionally received financial incentives of €350 in total for 12-month continuous smoking abstinence. We used a two-level path analysis to test a model that assesses the effects of financial incentives through smoking cessation program evaluation, medication use, nicotine replacement use, attitudes, self-efficacy, and social influences on quit success. We additionally tested whether an individual's reward responsiveness moderated the influence of incentives on quit success.
resultsThe effect of financial incentives on quit success was mediated by a higher self-efficacy. Financial incentives were also associated with a higher use of cessation medication. A more positive program evaluation was related to higher self-efficacy, more social influence to quit, and more positive attitudes about quitting. The results did not differ significantly by individual reward responsiveness.
conclusionsThe results of the current study suggest that financial incentives may be used to increase medication use and self-efficacy for quitting smoking, which offers an indirect way to increase successful smoking cessation. IMPLICATIONS: (1) This is the first study investigating via which psychological pathways financial incentives for quitting smoking can lead to long-term quit success. (2) The results showed a path between financial incentives and a higher likelihood of medication use. Incentives may encourage smokers to use medication in order to increase their chance of quitting smoking and receive the reward. (3) There was a path from financial incentives to quit success via a higher self-efficacy. (4) The effects of financial incentives did not depend on individual reward responsiveness.
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