ReviewInternational journal of physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology2019
How does the brain remove its waste metabolites from within?
Review in International journal of physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- CSF turnover dysfunction: a hidden early biomarker in iRBD?NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- PolyGraph - Flexible, Biocompatible & Electrically Optimized Graphene-Polymer Composites for Next-Generation Neural Interfaces.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- The Brain Toxin Cleansing of Sleep Achieved During Wakefulness.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Syndrome Sinistre: Left Brachiocephalic Vein Compression and its Neurological Manifestations.Neurology international · 2024Article
- Approaches for Increasing Cerebral Efflux of Amyloid-β in Experimental Systems.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Review
- Machine Learning Technology for EEG-Forecast of the Blood-Brain Barrier Leakage and the Activation of the Brain's Drainage System during Isoflurane Anesthesia.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- The debated neuroanatomy of the fourth ventricle.Journal of anatomy · 2023Review
- Hemolytic iron regulation in traumatic brain injury and alcohol use.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- EEG biomarkers of activation of the lymphatic drainage system of the brain during sleep and opening of the blood-brain barrier.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2023Article
- The relationship between amyloid-beta and brain capillary endothelial cells in Alzheimer's disease.Neural regeneration research · 2022Review
- Relationship between thyroid hormones and central nervous system metabolism in physiological and pathological conditions.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2022Review
- Brain lipidomics: From functional landscape to clinical significance.Science advances · 2022Review
- In Vitro Modeling of the Blood-Brain Barrier for the Study of Physiological Conditions and Alzheimer's Disease.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- The angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) system in the brain: possible involvement in Neuro-Covid.Histology and histopathology · 2021Review
- CGRP outflow into jugular blood and cerebrospinal fluid and permeance for CGRP of rat dura mater.The journal of headache and pain · 2021Article
- Biphasic Effects of Ethanol Exposure on Waste Metabolites Clearance in the CNS.Molecular neurobiology · 2021Article
- Review
- Rapid Body-Wide Transcriptomic Turnover During Rhesus Macaque Perinatal Development.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Clearance Systems in the Brain, From Structure to Function.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Review
- Neurological manifestations of patients with COVID-19: potential routes of SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion from the periphery to the brain.Frontiers of medicine · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The brain is the command center of the body that regulates the vital functions of circulation, respiration, motor function, metabolic activities, or autonomic nervous system outcomes. The brain coordinates these continuous activities at the expense of huge energy utilization. This energy demand is achieved by active transport of nutrients across the endothelial blood-brain barrier (BBB). This review discusses the barrier interfaces in the CNS that include the BBB, blood-spinal cord barrier, the epithelial choroid plexus, and the epithelial arachnoid. While transporting of nutrients across the BBB is a normal physiological function, the trafficking of xenobiotics and inflammatory cells/agents across these interfaces is harmful to brain cells. This leads to production of waste metabolites in the brain. Clearance of these waste metabolites maintains the normal brain homeostasis, while aggregation is detrimental to neurological complications. Since the CNS lacks lymphatic system, the CSF serves as the clearance path for water-soluble peptides/solutes, but not large size waste metabolites like Aβ protein. In particular, this review will focus on the mechanisms of waste metabolites clearance paths in the CNS. This will include the recently discovered waste metabolites movement from interstitial space (IS) directly into perivascular clearance (PVC), or via IS-CSF-PVC, and its exchange from PVC to circulation. Concluding remarks will discuss the therapeutic approach to improve the clearance mechanisms for ameliorating neurological diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
31993098PMC6971497W3005672667What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.