ArticleScientific reports2020
Gibbons aren't singing in the rain: presence and amount of rainfall influences ape calling behavior in Sabah, Malaysia.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Passive Acoustic Monitoring and Deep Learning Reveal a Lag From Rainfall to Gibbon Song Across a Mosaic Forest Landscape.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Automated Detection of Gibbon Calls From Passive Acoustic Monitoring Data Using Convolutional Neural Networks in the "Torch for R" Ecosystem.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Article
- Evidence for acoustic discrimination in lemurs: A playback study on wild indrisCurrent zoology · 2023Article
- There You Are! Automated Detection of Indris' Songs on Features Extracted from Passive Acoustic Recordings.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Factors affecting call usage in wild black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata) at Mangevo, Ranomafana National Park.Primates; journal of primatology · 2022Article
- Born to sing! Song development in a singing primate.Current zoology · 2021Article
- Not by the light of the moon: Investigating circadian rhythms and environmental predictors of calling in Bornean great argus.PloS one · 2021Article
- Brevity is not a universal in animal communication: evidence for compression depends on the unit of analysis in small ape vocalizations.Royal Society open science · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Early morning calling occurs across diverse taxa, which may be related to optimal conditions for sound transmission. There exists substantial inter- and intra-specific variation in calling time which is influenced by intrinsic, social and/or environmental factors. Here, we investigate environmental predictors of calling in gibbons. We hypothesized that male solos- which occur earlier and tend to be longer than duets-would be more influenced by environmental variables, if earlier, longer calling bouts are energetically costly, and therefore limited by overnight energy expenditure. Our top model for male solo events included amount of rain in the previous 24 hours, and explained 30% of the variance, whereas the top model for duet events (which included presence and amount of rainfall) explained only 5% of the variance. Rain the previous night led to a later start time of male solos (~30 minutes), but our top model for duet start time did not include any reliable predictors. Male solo events appear to be more influenced by environmental factors, and duets may be influenced more by social factors. Our results are in line with previous studies that show that changes in overnight conditions -which may alter energy expenditure -can influence early morning calling behavior.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.