Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31992708›Full record

ArticleNature communications2020

Physical and behavioral adaptations to prevent overheating of the living wings of butterflies.

Cheng-Chia Tsai, Richard A Childers, Norman Nan Shi, Crystal Ren, Julianne N Pelaez, Gary D Bernard, Naomi E Pierce, Nanfang Yu

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
49citing papers in PubMed
14.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

49 citing papers in PubMed, 174 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Tailoring Superwettability Through Bioinspired Reentrant Microstructures.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Review
  2. Receptogenesis in a Vascularized Robotic Embodiment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  3. Moth-Wing-Inspired Multifunctional Metamaterials.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Bio-Inspired Strategy for Radiation-Based Thermal Management and Utilization.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Insect Flight: State of the Field and Future Directions.Integrative and comparative biology · 2024
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. iScience · 2024
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Cheng-Chia TsaiDepartment of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
Richard A ChildersDepartment of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
Norman Nan ShiDepartment of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
Crystal RenDepartment of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
Julianne N PelaezDepartment of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6110-1794
Gary D BernardDepartment of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
Naomi E PierceDepartment of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA. npierce@oeb.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3366-1625
Nanfang YuDepartment of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA. ny2214@columbia.edu.
Columbia University · USHarvard University · USUniversity of Washington · USWestern Digital (United States) · US

Funding

National Science Foundation (NSF) DEB-0447242National Science Foundation (NSF) PHY-1411445United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AF Office of Scientific Research) FA9550-14-1-0389United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AF Office of Scientific Research) FA9550-16-1-0322
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The wings of Lepidoptera contain a matrix of living cells whose function requires appropriate temperatures. However, given their small thermal capacity, wings can overheat rapidly in the sun. Here we analyze butterfly wings across a wide range of simulated environmental conditions, and find that regions containing living cells are maintained at cooler temperatures. Diverse scale nanostructures and non-uniform cuticle thicknesses create a heterogeneous distribution of radiative cooling that selectively reduces the temperature of structures such as wing veins and androconial organs. These tissues are supplied by circulatory, neural and tracheal systems throughout the adult lifetime, indicating that the insect wing is a dynamic, living structure. Behavioral assays show that butterflies use wings to sense visible and infrared radiation, responding with specialized behaviors to prevent overheating of their wings. Our work highlights the physiological importance of wing temperature and how it is exquisitely regulated by structural and behavioral adaptations.

Indexed as

Behavior, AnimalAdaptation, PhysiologicalAnimalsButterfliesEnergy MetabolismHemolymphInfrared RaysModels, BiologicalNanostructuresSolar EnergyTemperatureThermodynamicsThermosensingThermotoleranceWings, Animal

Identifiers

PMID31992708
PMCPMC6987309
OpenAlexW2999127244

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.