ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Modulation of Pro-Oxidant and Pro-Inflammatory Activities of M1 Macrophages by the Natural Dipeptide Carnosine.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers.
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Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Ameliorative Effects of Carnosine on the In Vitro Developmental Competence of Bovine Oocytes.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Bright and Dark Sides of Nitric Oxide in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- HDL dysfunction: a role in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic syndrome in chronic HIV infection?Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2026Review
- Carnosine protects human microglia against Aβ oligomers through a multimodal mechanism of action: inhibition of oxidative stress, rescue of cellular energy status, and enhancement of phagocytosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- How do mechanical forces impact macrophages in the processes of mechanosensing and mechanotransduction?Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2025Review
- Novel progress in the application of the small molecule drug carnosine for the treatment of several diseases (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- The role of arachidonic acid metabolites in major depressive disorder: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- Histidine-Containing Dipeptides in Obesity and Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Scoping Review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Article
- Antioxidant Effects of Carnosine-Enriched Chicken Meat Consumption in Athletes: Modulation of SOD Activity and Superoxide Levels-A Randomized Control Trial.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Characterizing oxidative stress induced by Aβ oligomers and the protective role of carnosine in primary mixed glia cultures.Free radical biology & medicine · 2025Article
- Preclinical evidence and therapeutic perspectives on carnosine for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.AIMS neuroscience · 2025Review
- From "metabolic storm" to "immune paralysis": the dynamic evolution of macrophages and metabolism reprogramming in ARDS.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Effect of β-Alanine Metabolite on Gut Integrity and Immunity in Commercial Broiler Chickens Infected withAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Dual Effect of Carnosine on ROS Formation in Rat Cultured Cortical Astrocytes.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Synergistic Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Phenolic Acid-Conjugated Glutamine-Histidine-Glycine-Valine (QHGV) Peptides Derived from Oysters (Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Generation and Characterization of Stable Small Colony Variants of USA300Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Targeting benign prostate hyperplasia treatments: AR/TGF-β/NOX4 inhibition by apocynin suppresses inflammation and proliferation.Journal of advanced research · 2024Article
- Article
- Measuring the rate of NADPH consumption by glutathione reductase in the cytosol and mitochondria.PloS one · 2024Article
- The Anti-Cancer Activity of the Naturally Occurring Dipeptide Carnosine: Potential for Breast Cancer.Cells · 2023Review
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Carnosine is a natural endogenous dipeptide widely distributed in mammalian tissues, existing at particularly high concentrations in the muscles and brain and possesses well-characterized antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In an in vitro model of macrophage activation, induced by lipopolysaccharide + interferon-gamma (LPS + IFN-γ), we here report the ability of carnosine to modulate pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory activities of macrophages, representing the primary cell type that is activated as a part of the immune response. An ample set of parameters aimed to evaluate cytotoxicity (MTT assay), energy metabolism (HPLC), gene expressions (high-throughput real-time PCR (qRT-PCR)), protein expressions (western blot) and nitric oxide production (qRT-PCR and HPLC), was used to assess the effects of carnosine on activated macrophages challenged with a non cytotoxic LPS (100 ng/mL) + IFN-γ (600 U/mL) concentration. In our experimental model, main carnosine beneficial effects were: (1) the modulation of nitric oxide production and metabolism; (2) the amelioration of the macrophage energy state; (3) the decrease of the expressions of pro-oxidant enzymes (Nox-2, Cox-2) and of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde; (4) the restoration and/or increase of the expressions of antioxidant enzymes (Gpx1, SOD-2 and Cat); (5) the increase of the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and the down-regulation of the expressions of interleukins 1β and 6 (IL-1β and IL-6) and 6) the increase of the expressions of Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). According to these results carnosine is worth being tested in the treatment of diseases characterized by elevated levels of oxidative stress and inflammation (atherosclerosis, cancer, depression, metabolic syndrome, and neurodegenerative diseases).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.