ReviewHormones and behavior2020
Sexual differentiation of brain and other tissues: Five questions for the next 50 years.
Review in Hormones and behavior, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex chromosome aneuploidy impacts on human gene expression and regulation: a systematic review.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Pooled it
- Post-transcriptional suppression of the pioneer factor Zelda protects the adult Drosophila testis from activation of the ovary program.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Fractionation of sex differences in human cortical anatomy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Neonatal estradiol and early adversity interact to modify basolateral amygdala morphology and adult behavior in female rats.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Transcriptomic sex differences in early human fetal brain development.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Survey of gene, lncRNA and transposon transcription patterns in four mouse organs highlights shared and organ-specific sex-biased regulation.Genome biology · 2025Article
- Sex differences research is important!Biology of sex differences · 2025Article
- Sex differences in age-associated neurological diseases-A roadmap for reliable and high-yield research.Science advances · 2025Review
- Sex differences in romantic love: an evolutionary perspective.Biology of sex differences · 2025Article
- Enduring prenatal androgen effects on the female brain.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Cellular sex throughout the organism underlies somatic sexual differentiation.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Insights into Sex and Gender Differences in Brain and Psychopathologies Using Big Data.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Science, Scripture, and Sexuality: The US United Methodist Church at Crossroads.Journal of religion and health · 2023Article
- Reproductive Markers in Alzheimer's Disease Progression: The Framingham Heart Study.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2023Article
- A neuroscience-based approach to the assessment of sexual behavior in animals.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Review
- The sex-dependent response to psychosocial stress and ischaemic heart disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- The Impact of Sex and Gender in Medicine and Pharmacology.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2023Article
- Morphological Features of Human Dendritic Spines.Advances in neurobiology · 2023Review
- Article
- X chromosome agents of sexual differentiation.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This paper is part of the celebration of the 50th anniversary of founding of the journal Hormones and Behavior, the official journal of the Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology. All sex differences in phenotypic development stem from the sexual imbalance in X and Y chromosomes, which are the only known differences in XX and XY zygotes. The sex chromosome genes act within cells to cause differences in phenotypes of XX and XY cells throughout the body. In the gonad, they determine the type of gonad, leading to differences in secretion of testicular vs. ovarian hormones, which cause further sex differences in tissue function. These current ideas of sexual differentiation are briefly contrasted with a hormones-only view of sexual differentiation of the last century. The multiple, independent action of diverse sex-biasing agents means that sex-biased factors can be synergistic, increasing sex differences, or compensatory, making the two sexes more equal. Several animal models have been fruitful in demonstrating sex chromosome effects, and interactions with gonadal hormones. MRI studies of human brains demonstrate variation in brain structure associated with both differences in gonadal hormones, and in the number of X and Y chromosomes. Five unanswered questions are posed as a challenge to future investigators to improve understanding of sexual differentiation throughout the body.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.