ReviewPharmacological research2020
The role of hepcidin and iron homeostasis in atherosclerosis.
Review in Pharmacological research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serum ferritin and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of observation studies.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of roxadustat on iron metabolism in patients with peritoneal dialysis: a real-world 24-week study.European journal of medical research · 2023Trial
- Molecular mechanisms of iron metabolism and ferroptosis in cardiovascular diseases and intervention strategies targeting natural products (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Emerging biomedical and pharmaceutical strategies for the treatment of atherosclerosis: from conventional lipid-lowering therapy to nanomedicine.Journal of applied biomedicine · 2026Review
- Circulating biomarkers of carotid plaque vulnerability: current evidence, emerging markers, and barriers to clinical implementation.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Implications of ferritinophagy in cardiovascular diseases and its pharmacological modulation: underlying mechanisms and clinical translation strategies.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Review
- Distinct types of regulated cell death in atherosclerosis.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Review
- The crosstalk between iron metabolism and immune tolerance in autoimmunity.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Electromagnetic fields regulate iron metabolism: From mechanisms to applications.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Novel insights of ferroptosis in atherosclerosis progression.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Review
- Network pharmacology combined with experiments to explore the molecular mechanism of Jiawei Erzhi pill protects against atherosclerosis by inhibiting ferroptosis.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2025Article
- Integrating systemic inflammation and liver biomarkers: prognostic implications of the ferritin index in heart failure.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- The Role of Micronutrients in Atherosclerosis: Mechanisms and Clinical Application.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Review
- The role and mechanism of PGC-1α in oxLDL-induced ferroptosis of vascular endothelial cells.Atherosclerosis plus · 2025Article
- Transferrin Saturation Is a Better Predictor Than Ferritin of Metabolic and Hemodynamic Exercise Responses in HFpEF.JACC. Heart failure · 2025Article
- Ferroptosis: a potential therapeutic target in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Review
- Essential and Non-Essential Metals and Metalloids and Their Role in Atherosclerosis.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025Review
- Targeting cholesterol-driven pyroptosis: a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Progress in the study of the mechanism of ferroptosis in coronary heart disease and clinical intervention strategies.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a major burden on global health and a leading cause of death worldwide. The pathophysiology of this chronic disease is complex, involving inflammation, lipoprotein oxidation and accumulation, plaque formation, and calcification. In 1981, Dr. Jerome Sullivan formulated the 'Iron Hypothesis', suggesting that higher levels of stored iron promote cardiovascular diseases, whereas iron deficiency may have an atheroprotective effect. This hypothesis has stimulated research focused on clarifying the role of iron in the development of atherosclerosis. However, preclinical and clinical studies have produced contradictory results and the observation that patients with hemochromatosis do not appear to have an increased risk of atherosclerosis seemed incongruous with Sullivan's initial hypothesis. The 'paradox' of systemic iron overload not being accompanied by an increased risk for atherosclerosis led to a refinement of the iron hypothesis focusing on intracellular macrophage iron. More recent in vitro and animal studies have elucidated the complex signaling pathways regulating iron, with a particular focus on hepcidin, the master regulator of body iron homeostasis. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is the major pathway that is required for induction of hepcidin expression in response to increasing levels of iron. Strong links between iron homeostasis, BMP signaling, inflammation and atherosclerosis have been established in both mechanistic and human studies. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of iron homeostasis and hepcidin in the development of atherosclerosis and discusses the BMP-hepcidin-ferroportin axis as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.