Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31990972›Full record

Trial reportThe American journal of clinical nutrition2020

A randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial of a decaffeinated energy drink shows no significant acute effect on mental energy.

Alicia Garcia-Alvarez, Corbin A Cunningham, Byron Mui, Lia Penn, Erin M Spaulding, J Michael Oakes, Jasmin Divers, Stephanie L Dickinson, Xiao Xu, Lawrence J Cheskin

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02727920 (A Test of the Effects of Energy Drinks), which is not on this map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02727920 nacompletednot on this map

A Test of the Effects of Energy Drinks

TypeinterventionalSponsorJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthRan2016 to 2016Enrolled228ConditionsEnergy DrinksArmsEnergy drink, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. International society of sports nutrition position stand: energy drinks and energy shots.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2023
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Alicia Garcia-AlvarezDepartment of Health, Behavior, and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Corbin A CunninghamDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Byron MuiDepartment of Health, Behavior, and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Lia PennDepartment of Health, Behavior, and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Erin M SpauldingJohns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
J Michael OakesDivision of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Jasmin DiversDepartment of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Bowman Gray Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Stephanie L DickinsonDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA.
Xiao XuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA.
Lawrence J CheskinDepartment of Health, Behavior, and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Funding

Interdisciplinary Training in Cardiovascular Health ResearchT32NR012704 · NINR · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI ALLEN, JERILYN K · 2011 to 2020
$1.8M
The Process of User Engagement with mHealthF31NR017328 · NINR · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI SPAULDING, ERIN MURDOCK · 2017 to 2019
$129k
NINR NIH HHS F31 NR017328NINR NIH HHS T32 NR012704
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

background"Energy drinks" are heavily marketed to the general public, across the age spectrum. The efficacy of decaffeinated energy drinks in enhancing subjective feelings of energy (s-energy) is controversial.

objectiveThe authors sought to test the efficacy of the caffeine-free version of a popular energy drink compared with a placebo drink.

methodsThis study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in 223 healthy men and women aged 18-70 y with intention-to-treat and completers analysis. Participants were randomly assigned to consumption of either the decaffeinated energy drink or a placebo drink on testing day 1, and the other drink a week later. A battery of computer-based mood and cognitive tests to assess s-energy was conducted at baseline and at 0.5, 2.5, and 5 h post-ingestion. The main outcome measures were 1) mood, which was assessed by using a General Status Check Scale and the Profile of Mood States 2nd edition brief form, and 2) cognitive measures, including the N-back task (reaction time and accuracy), Reaction Time test, Flanker task (distraction avoidance), and Rapid Visual Information Processing test.

resultsNo statistically significant or meaningful benefits were observed for any outcome measure, including mood and cognitive measures. Analyses of mean differences, slopes, and median differences were consistent.

conclusionsNo differences were detected across a range of mood/cognitive/behavioral/s-energy-level tests after consumption of the energy drink compared with a placebo drink in this diverse sample of adults. Thus, we found strong evidence that the energy drink is not efficacious in enhancing s-energy levels, nor any related cognitive or behavioral variables measured. In light of federal regulations, these findings suggest that labeling and marketing of some products which claim to provide these benefits may be unsubstantiated. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02727920.

Indexed as

CognitionAdultAffectAgedCaffeineCross-Over StudiesDouble-Blind MethodEnergy DrinksFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPlacebo EffectReaction TimeYoung AdultCaffeineadultsBaltimoredietary supplementsinterventionUnited Statesvolunteers

Identifiers

PMID31990972
PMCPMC7049526

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.