SynthesisArchives of sexual behavior2020
How Large Are Gender Differences in Toy Preferences? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Toy Preference Research.
Synthesis in Archives of sexual behavior, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Item-Level Sex Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder Measures: A MIMIC Model Analysis of ADOS-2 and ADI-R in a Referred Pediatric Sample.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Variables Most Strongly Associated with Motor- and Health-Related Physical Fitness and Motor Skills in Five- to Eight-Year-Old Children: The BC-It and Examin Youth SA Studies.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Experimental Evidence of Peer Gender Nonconformity Triggering Dehumanization in Children: Developmental Trajectory, Form, and Link to Bullying.Developmental science · 2025Article
- Parent-child interaction frequency: associations with age, sibling presence, and child health.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Neuroactive steroid exposure impacts neurodevelopment: Comparison of human and rodent placental contribution.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2025Review
- A 10-Year Longitudinal Relationship Between Preschool Sex-Typical Play Behavior at Age 3.5 Years and Mental Rotation Performance in Adolescence at Age 13 Years.Archives of sexual behavior · 2025Article
- Using behavioural network mapping to investigate dyadic play in girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.The British journal of developmental psychology · 2025Article
- Gender and family-role portrayals of autism in British newspapers: An intersectional corpus-based study.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2025Article
- "Cause they're girls/boys": preschool children's play and toy choices.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- The association between 2D:4D digit ratio and sex-typed play in children with and without siblings.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Intergenerational transmission of parental child-rearing gender-role attitudes and its influence on gender roles in single-parent families.BMC psychology · 2024Article
- Identifying data gaps in early childhood physical activity evidence.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Review
- Reducing the gender gap on adolescents' interest in study fields: The impact of perceived changes in ingroup gender norms and gender prototypicality.Social psychology of education : an international journal · 2024Article
- Gendered play behaviours in autistic and non-autistic children: A population-based cohort study.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2023Article
- Married women with children experience greater intrasexual competition than their male counterparts.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Monkeys do not show sex differences in toy preferences through their individual choices.Biology of sex differences · 2023Article
- A comparative study of gender differences in healthy office building strategies.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Toy Preferences among 3-to-4-Year-Old Children: The Impact of Socio-Demographic Factors and Developmental Characteristics.Psychology in Russia : state of the art · 2023Article
- Vision contributes to sex differences in spatial cognition and activity interests.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Recalled Childhood Gender-Related Play Behaviour and Current Gender-Related Occupational Interests in University Students: Examining the Mediating Roles of Gender Compatibility, Goal Endorsement, and Occupational Stereotype Flexibility.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It is generally recognized that there are gender-related differences in children's toy preferences. However, the magnitude of these differences has not been firmly established. Furthermore, not all studies of gender-related toy preferences find significant gender differences. These inconsistent findings could result from using different toys or methods to measure toy preferences or from studying children of different ages. Our systematic review and meta-analysis combined 113 effect sizes from 75 studies to estimate the magnitude of gender-related differences in toy preferences. We also assessed the impact of using different toys or methods to assess these differences, as well as the effect of age on gender-related toy preferences. Boys preferred boy-related toys more than girls did, and girls preferred girl-related toys more than boys did. These differences were large (d ≥ 1.60). Girls also preferred toys that researchers classified as neutral more than boys did (d = 0.29). Preferences for gender-typical over gender-atypical toys were also large and significant (d ≥ 1.20), and girls and boys showed gender-related differences of similar magnitude. When only dolls and vehicles were considered, within-sex differences were even larger and of comparable size for boys and girls. Researchers sometimes misclassified toys, perhaps contributing to an apparent gender difference in preference for neutral toys. Forced choice methods produced larger gender-related differences than other methods, and gender-related differences increased with age.
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