SynthesisPloS one2020
A systematic review of Leptospira in water and soil environments.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 138 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
138 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 227 citations in OpenAlex.
- Drivers of humanEpidemiology and infection · 2024Pooled it
- Trends and advances inFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Leptospirosis in humans and selected animals in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2014-2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Longitudinal Survey of Pathogenic Leptospira Species at a Major Park in Sydney, Australia.EcoHealth · 2026Article
- Environmental Distribution of Pathogenic Leptospira spp. in Subtropical Rivers of Japan and Implications for Human Infection.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of selected flavonoids against pathogenic Leptospira species.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Environmental formermSystems · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal distribution of Escherichia coli and fecal and non-fecal pathogens in the urban surface water system of Amsterdam.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2026Article
- Ecological Niche Modeling of PathogenicPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Genetic Diversity ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Eco-Epidemiological Study of Seropositivity Against Rickettsia and Leptospira Agents in Rural Areas of Urabá, Colombia.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2026Article
- Estimating the burden of leptospirosis in the Caribbean: Insights from environmental and sociodemographic factors.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Serological and molecular detection of Leptospira spp. in ring-tailed coatis (Nasua nasua) from an Ecological Park.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Probable Leptospirosis in the Adventure Traveler with Freshwater Exposure: Narrative Review and Case Series.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Environmental Detection of PathogenicPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal dynamics of leptospirosis in Europe: a retrospective observational study with prospective projections.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Influence of Both La Nina and Island Isolation During COVID-19 on the Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases in New Caledonia.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The effects of rain and flooding on leptospirosis incidence in sheep and cattle in New Zealand.New Zealand veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Climate change and infectious diseases.Nature medicine · 2026Review
- Epidemiological study of leptospiral interaction in bovine farms in rural areas of Colombia: A One Health approach.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
78 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLeptospirosis, caused by pathogenic Leptospira, is a zoonosis of global distribution. This infectious disease is mainly transmitted by indirect exposure to urine of asymptomatic animals via the environment. As human cases generally occur after heavy rain, an emerging hypothesis suggests that rainfall re-suspend leptospires together with soil particles. Bacteria are then carried to surface water, where humans get exposed. It is currently assumed that pathogenic leptospires can survive in the environment but do not multiply. However, little is known on their capacity to survive in a soil and freshwater environment.
methodsWe conducted a systematic review on Leptospira and leptospirosis in the environment in order to collect current knowledge on the lifestyle of Leptospira in soil and water. In total, 86 scientific articles retrieved from online databases or institutional libraries were included in this study. PRINCIPALS FINDINGS/SIGNIFICANCE: This work identified evidence of survival of Leptospira in the environment but major gaps remain about the survival of virulent species associated with human and animal diseases. Studies providing quantitative data on Leptospira in soil and water are a very recent trend, but must be interpreted with caution because of the uncertainty in the species identification. Several studies mentioned the presence of Leptospira in soils more frequently than in waters, supporting the hypothesis of the soil habitat and dispersion of Leptospira with re-suspended soil particles during heavy rain. In a near future, the growing use of high throughput sequencing will offer new opportunities to improve our understanding of the habitat of Leptospira in the environment. This better insight into the risk of leptospirosis will allow implementing efficient control measures and prevention for the human and animal populations exposed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.