ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2020
Protection From Natural Immunity Against Enteric Infections and Etiology-Specific Diarrhea in a Longitudinal Birth Cohort.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enteropathogen-specific pathways linking moderate-to-severe diarrhea to linear growth faltering in sub-Saharan African children: a decomposition analysis of the GEMS study.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Kinetics of Enteric Pathogen Quantity During Acute Diarrhea in Children in Resource-Limited Settings.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Epidemiology of Shigella species and serotypes in children: a retrospective substudy of the MAL-ED observational birth cohort study.The Lancet. Microbe · 2025Observational
- The genetic diversity of genogroup I noroviruses causing acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in Beijing between 2014 and 2023.Heliyon · 2024Article
- A narrative review of norovirus epidemiology, biology, and challenges to vaccine development.NPJ vaccines · 2024Review
- Exploring Natural Immune Responses toOpen forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Vaccine value profile for norovirus.Vaccine · 2023Article
- Opportunities to Interrupt Transmission of Enteropathogens of Poultry Origin in Maputo, Mozambique: A Transmission Model Analysis.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Clinical and regulatory development strategies for Shigella vaccines intended for children younger than 5 years in low-income and middle-income countries.The Lancet. Global health · 2023Review
- Correlation between the presence of a cecal appendix and reduced diarrhea severity in primates: new insights into the presumed function of the appendix.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Predicting norovirus and rotavirus resurgence in the United States following the COVID-19 pandemic: a mathematical modelling study.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Diagnosis of protozoa diarrhoea in Campylobacter patients increases markedly with molecular techniques.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Setup and Characterization of a High-Throughput Luminescence-Based Serum Bactericidal Assay (L-SBA) to Determine Functionality of Human Sera againstBiotech (Basel (Switzerland)) · 2022Article
- Assessing the effectiveness of empirical calibration under different bias scenarios.BMC medical research methodology · 2022Article
- PivotalVaccines · 2022Article
- Full breastfeeding protection against common enteric bacteria and viruses: results from the MAL-ED cohort study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Article
- Towards a Four-Component GMMA-Based Vaccine againstVaccines · 2022Review
- Serological Humoral Immunity Following Natural Infection of Children with High Burden Gastrointestinal Viruses.Viruses · 2021Review
- Molecular Epidemiology of Sapovirus in Children Living in the Northwest Amazon Region.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Molecular Epidemiology of Human Cryptosporidiosis in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 12 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe degree of protection conferred by natural immunity is unknown for many enteropathogens, but it is important to support the development of enteric vaccines.
methodsWe used the Andersen-Gill extension of the Cox model to estimate the effects of previous infections on the incidence of subsequent subclinical infections and diarrhea in children under 2 using quantitative molecular diagnostics in the MAL-ED cohort. We used cross-pathogen negative control associations to correct bias due to confounding by unmeasured heterogeneity of exposure and susceptibility.
resultsPrior rotavirus infection was associated with a 50% lower hazard (calibrated hazard ratio [cHR], 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41-0.62) of subsequent rotavirus diarrhea. Strong protection was evident against Cryptosporidium diarrhea (cHR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.20-0.51). There was also protection due to prior infections for norovirus GII (cHR against diarrhea, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.49-0.91), astrovirus (cHR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.48-0.81), and Shigella (cHR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65-0.95). Minimal protection was observed for other bacteria, adenovirus 40/41, and sapovirus.
conclusionsNatural immunity was generally stronger for the enteric viruses than bacteria, potentially due to less antigenic diversity. Vaccines against major causes of diarrhea may be feasible but likely need to be more immunogenic than natural infection.
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