Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31984315›Full record

ArticleJAMIA open2018

Health IT, hacking, and cybersecurity: national trends in data breaches of protected health information.

Jay G Ronquillo, J Erik Winterholler, Kamil Cwikla, Raphael Szymanski, Christopher Levy

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in JAMIA open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
10.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Cybersecurity in Healthcare: Ensuring Patient Safety and Data Privacy.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Implementing Virtual Care in Neurology - Challenges and Pitfalls.Journal of central nervous system disease · 2022
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Cybersecurity Risks in a Pandemic.Journal of medical Internet research · 2020
    Article
  13. Review
  14. Cyber-Analytics: Identifying Discriminants of Data Breaches.Perspectives in health information managemen · 2019
    Article
  15. Trends and characteristics of protected health information breaches in the United States.AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium · 2019
    Article
  16. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Jay G RonquilloWestern Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0438-7172
J Erik WinterhollerWestern Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA.
Kamil CwiklaWestern Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA.
Raphael SzymanskiWestern Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA.
Christopher LevyWestern Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA.
Western Michigan University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe rapid adoption of health information technology (IT) coupled with growing reports of ransomware, and hacking has made cybersecurity a priority in health care. This study leverages federal data in order to better understand current cybersecurity threats in the context of health IT. MATERIALS AND

methodsRetrospective observational study of all available reported data breaches in the United States from 2013 to 2017, downloaded from a publicly available federal regulatory database.

resultsThere were 1512 data breaches affecting 154 415 257 patient records from a heterogeneous distribution of covered entities ( DISCUSSION AND

conclusionDespite making up less than 25% of all breaches, hacking was responsible for nearly 85% of all affected patient records. As medicine becomes increasingly interconnected and informatics-driven, significant improvements to cybersecurity must be made so our health IT infrastructure is simultaneously effective, safe, and secure.

Indexed as

clinical informaticscybersecurityelectronic health recordshackingransomware

Identifiers

PMID31984315
PMCPMC6951874
OpenAlexW2808360126

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.