SynthesisDrug and alcohol dependence2020
Validity of International Classification of Diseases codes in identifying illicit drug use target conditions using medical record data as a reference standard: A systematic review.
Synthesis in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Sensitivity and specificity of International Classification of Diseases algorithms (ICD-9 and ICD-10) used to identify opioid-related overdose cases: A systematic review and an example of estimation using Bayesian latent class models in the absence of gold standards.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2024Pooled it
- Natural Language Processing Identification of Nonprescribed Fentanyl Use in Electronic Health Records: Algorithm Development and Validation Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Implementation of an opioid use disorder (OUD) machine-learning phenotype in real-time for the ADAPT clinical trial.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Development and External Validation of an Electronic Health Record-Derived Model for 30-Day Periprocedural Ischemic Stroke.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Cervical Cancer and Sexually Transmitted Infections Screening Among Individuals with a Substance Use Disorder: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Population health management · 2026Article
- Association of Cannabis Use Disorder Versus Other Substance Use Disorders With Psychiatric Conditions: A Propensity-Matched Retrospective Cohort Analysis.The American journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Authors' Response: Cannabis Use Disorder and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis: a Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026Article
- Natural Language Processing for Identification of Hospitalized People Who Use Drugs: Cohort Study.JMIR AI · 2025Article
- Sensitivity and Specificity of Natural Language Processing Systems for Identification of Hospitalized People Who Use Drugs.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Perspectives on benefits and risks of creation of an "injection drug use" billing code.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2024Article
- Prenatal methamphetamine use increases risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2024Article
- Impact of Potential Case Misclassification by Administrative Diagnostic Codes on Outcome Assessment of Observational Study for People Who Inject Drugs.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Comorbid psychiatric disease significantly mediates increased rates of alcohol use disorder among patients with inflammatory and pigmentary skin disorders: a case-control study in the All of Us Research Program.Archives of dermatological research · 2024Article
- Probabilistic Graphical Models for Evaluating the Utility of Data-Driven ICD Code Categories in Pediatric Sepsis.AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium · 2024Article
- Predictors of All-Cause 30-Day Readmissions in Patients with Heart Failure at an Urban Safety Net Hospital: The Importance of Social Determinants of Health and Mental Health.American journal of medicine open · 2023Article
- Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning to Identify People Who Inject Drugs in Electronic Health Records.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Antibiotic therapy completion for injection drug use-associated infective endocarditis at a center with routine addiction medicine consultation: a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Clinical and demographic factors associated with stimulant use disorder in a rural heart failure population.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- Prescription opioid treatment for non-cancer pain and initiation of injection drug use: large retrospective cohort study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2021Article
- Characterizing trends in methamphetamine-related health care use when there is no ICD code for "methamphetamine use disorder".Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe twenty-first century opioid crisis has spurred interest in using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code algorithms to identify patients using illicit drugs from administrative healthcare data. We conducted a systematic review of studies that validated ICD code algorithms for illicit drug use against a reference standard of medical record data.
methodsSystematic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were conducted for studies published between 1980 and 2018 in English, French, Italian, or Spanish. We included validation studies of ICD-9 or ICD-10 code algorithms for an illicit drug use target condition (e.g., illicit drug use, abuse, or dependence (UAD), illicit drug use-related complications) given the sensitivity or specificity was reported or could be calculated. Bias was assessed with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies Version 2 (QUADAS-2) tool.
resultsSix of the 1210 articles identified met the inclusion criteria. For validation studies of broad UAD (n = 4), the specificity was nearly perfect, but the sensitivity ranged from 47% to 83%, with higher sensitivities tending to occur in higher prevalence populations. For validation studies of injection drug use (IDU)-associated infective endocarditis (n = 2), sensitivity and specificity were poor due to the lack of an ICD code for IDU. For all six studies, the risk of bias for the QUADAS-2 "reference standard" and "flow/timing domains" was scored as "unclear" due to insufficient reporting.
conclusionsFew studies have validated ICD code algorithms for illicit drug use target conditions, and available evidence is challenging to interpret due to inadequate reporting. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42019118401.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.