Trial reportPreventive medicine2020
The impact of front-of-package claims, fruit images, and health warnings on consumers' perceptions of sugar-sweetened fruit drinks: Three randomized experiments.
Trial report in Preventive medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Characters on Parents' Perceptions of Breakfast Cereals
Effects of 'Pinkwashed' Alcohol Ads in an Online RCT
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Relationship Between Fruit Drink Front-of-Package Claims, Fruit Imagery, and Ingredient Disclosures and Consumer Perceptions, Intentions, and Behavior: A Systematic Review.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2025Pooled it
- Testing the influence of nutrient content claims and a health warning label on consumer perceptions of ready-to-drink alcoholic beverages: an online randomized experiment.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2025Trial
- Examining the effects of brand and licensed characters on parents' perceptions of Children's breakfast cereals.Appetite · 2024Trial
- Online RCT of Icon Added-Sugar Warning Labels for Restaurant Menus.American journal of preventive medicine · 2023Trial
- Effects of pictorial warnings on parents' purchases and perceptions of sugar-sweetened beverage categories.Pediatric obesity · 2023Trial
- Effect of Front-of-Package Information, Fruit Imagery, and High-Added Sugar Warning Labels on Parent Beverage Choices for Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- Perceived effectiveness of added-sugar warning label designs for U.S. restaurant menus: An online randomized controlled trial.Preventive medicine · 2022Trial
- Nutrition-related claims lead parents to choose less healthy drinks for young children: a randomized trial in a virtual convenience store.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Trial
- The Impact of Toddler Milk Claims on Beliefs and Misperceptions: A Randomized Experiment with Parents of Young Children.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2022Trial
- Influence of the San Francisco, CA, Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Health Warning on Consumer Reactions: Implications for Equity from a Randomized Experiment.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2022Trial
- Designing warnings for sugary drinks: A randomized experiment with Latino parents and non-Latino parents.Preventive medicine · 2021Trial
- Reactions to graphic and text health warnings for cigarettes, sugar-sweetened beverages, and alcohol: An online randomized experiment of US adults.Preventive medicine · 2020Trial
- Point-of-sale sugar-sweetened beverage warning postersPublic health nutrition · 2026Article
- Perceived healthiness of sugary drinks and related social norms among adults in five countries: evidence from the International Food Policy Study.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Evaluating text, icon, and graphic nutrition labels: An eye tracking experiment with Latino adults in the US.Appetite · 2025Article
- Associations Between Knowledge of Health Conditions and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake Among US Adults, 2021.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Global Trends and Research Collaborations on Food and Beverages Warning Labels: A Bibliometric Analysis.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Effects of marketing claims on toddler food products on parents' product preferences, perceptions and purchasing intentions: an online experiment.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2024Article
- The impact of "pinkwashed" alcohol advertisements on attitudes and beliefs: A randomized experiment with US adults.Addictive behaviors · 2024Article
- Effects of a front-of-package disclosure on accuracy in assessing children's drink ingredients: two randomised controlled experiments with US caregivers of young children.Public health nutrition · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We aimed to examine the impact of claims, fruit images, and health warnings on consumers' perceptions of fruit-flavored drinks with added sugar (i.e., "fruit drinks"). We conducted three 2x2x2 randomized experiments with online convenience samples of U.S. adults (Study 1 n = 2139 in 2018, current e-cigarette users and smokers; Study 2 n = 670 in 2018, current e-cigarette users; Study 3 n = 1006 in 2019, general sample). Participants viewed a fruit drink that differed in the presence of a "100% Vitamin C" claim, a fruit image, or a health warning. On average across the three studies, consumers who saw a claim on a fruit drink believed that the drink was more healthful than those who did not see the claim (mean average differential effect (ADE) = 0.66, p < .001); they were also more interested in consuming the drink (mean ADE = 0.38, p = .001). The health warning decreased perceived product healthfulness (mean ADE = -0.65, p < .001) and consumption interest (mean ADE = -0.49, p < .001). The fruit image had no effect on perceived product healthfulness (mean ADE = 0.03, p = .81) or purchase intentions (mean ADE = -0.04, p = .77). In Study 1 and Study 2, there were no interactions between claims, images, or warnings (all p > .05). In Study 3, the "100% Vitamin C" nutrition claim only increased perceived product healthfulness when the drink did not also have a health warning (interaction p < .05). These findings suggest that 100% Vitamin C claims increase the appeal of fruit drinks, whereas health warnings decrease the appeal. Together, these studies support policies to restrict marketing and require health warnings on sugar-sweetened beverage packaging.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.