ArticleMaternal and child health journal2020
Out of Pocket Expenditure for Sick Newborn Care in Referral Hospitals of Nepal.
Article in Maternal and child health journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Estimating the number of hospital beds for the care of sick and small newborns: an evidence-based systematic approach.Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- Stress among parents of preterm infants admitted to neonatal care units of public hospitals in Nepal: a cross-sectional study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Article
- Implementation status of the free newborn care program in Gandaki Province, Nepal.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Methods used to account for caregivers' sex and gender within studies examining the financial burden of caregivers of children and adolescents : Results from a scoping review.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2024Article
- Article
- Incidence of Catastrophic Health Expenditures Amongst Hospitalized Neonates in Ekiti, Southwest Nigeria.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2022Article
- A Qualitative Exploration of the Referral Process of Children with Common Infections from Private Low-Level Health Facilities in Western Uganda.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Out-of-pocket expenditure and its predictors for illness of under-five children: A cross-sectional study in urban slums of Eastern India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2021Article
- Impact of free newborn care service package on out of pocket expenditure-evidence from a multicentric study in Nepal.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- Article
- Learning from Nepal's Progress to Inform the Path to the Sustainable Development Goals for Health, Leaving No-One Behind.Maternal and child health journal · 2020Article
- The Out-of-pocket Expenditures Incurred during Neonatal Hospitalization in a Public Hospital in Tamil Nadu - A Cross-Sectional Study.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social MedicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlmost all preventable neonatal deaths take place in low- and middle-income countries and affect the poorest who have the least access to high quality health services. Cost of health care is one of the factors preventing access to quality health services and universal health coverage. In Nepal, the majority of expenses related to newborn care are borne by the caregiver, regardless of socioeconomic status. We conducted a study to assess the out of pocket expenditure (OOPE) for sick newborn care in hospitals in Nepal.
methodsThis cross-sectional study of hospital care for newborns was conducted in 11 hospitals in Nepal and explored OOPE incurred by caregivers for sick newborn care. Data were collected from the caregivers of the sick newborn on the topics of cost of travel, accommodation, treatment (drugs, diagnosis) and documented on a sick newborn case record form.
resultsData were collected from 814 caregivers. Cost of caregivers' stay accounted for more than 40% of the OOPE for sick newborn care, followed by cost of travel, and the baby's stay and treatment. The overall OOPE ranged from 13.6 to 226.1 US dollars (USD). The median OOPE was highest for preterm complications ($33.2 USD; CI 14.0-226.1), followed by hyperbilirubinemia ($31.9 USD; CI 14.0-60.7), respiratory distress syndrome ($26.9 USD; 15.3-121.5), neonatal sepsis ($ 25.8 USD; CI 13.6-139.8) and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy ($23.4 USD; CI 13.6-97.7). DISCUSSION FOR PRACTICE: In Nepal, OOPE for sick newborn care in hospitals varied by neonatal morbidity and duration of stay. The largest proportion of OOPE were for accommodation and travel. Affordable and accessible health care will substantially reduce the OOPE for sick newborn care in hospitals.
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