ArticleMaternal and child health journal2020
The Association of Childhood Pneumonia with Household Air Pollution in Nepal: Evidence from Nepal Demographic Health Surveys.
Article in Maternal and child health journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Indoor air pollution from solid fuel on children pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Appraisal of Epidemiological Studies on Household Fuel Use and Its Health Effects Using Demographic and Health Surveys.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Household air pollution is associated with disease severity in Ugandan children hospitalized with hypoxemic pneumonia.PloS one · 2026Article
- Climate Cognition Crisis: Urgent Call to Address Air Pollution and Extreme Heat Impacts in Learning Environments of Children in South and Southeast Asia.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2025Article
- Factors associated with severe pneumonia among children <5 years, Kasese District, Uganda: a case-control study, January-April 2023.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2024Article
- Factors associated with childhood pneumonia and care seeking practices in Nepal: further analysis of 2019 Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Pneumonia among Children Admitted to the Department of Medicine in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2022Article
- Association of household air pollution with cellular and humoral immune responses among women in rural Bangladesh.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2022Article
- Impact of Environmental Injustice on Children's Health-Interaction between Air Pollution and Socioeconomic Status.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Learning from Nepal's Progress to Inform the Path to the Sustainable Development Goals for Health, Leaving No-One Behind.Maternal and child health journal · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionChildhood pneumonia is a major cause of mortality worldwide while household air pollution (HAP) is a major contributor to childhood pneumonia in low and middle-income countries. This paper presents the prevalence trend of childhood pneumonia in Nepal and assesses its association with household air pollution.
methodsThe study analysed data from the 2006, 2011 and 2016 Nepal Demographic Health Surveys (NDHS). It calculated the prevalence of childhood pneumonia and the factors that cause household air pollution. The association of childhood pneumonia and HAP was assessed using univariate and multi-variate analysis. The population attributable fraction (PAF) of indoor pollution for causing pneumonia was calculated using 2016 NDHS data to assess the burden of pneumonia attributable to HAP factors.
resultsThe prevalence of childhood pneumonia decreased in Nepal between 2006 and 2016 and was higher among households using polluting cooking fuels. There was a higher risk of childhood pneumonia among children who lived in households with no separate kitchens in 2011 [Adjusted risk ratio (ARR) 1.40, 95% CI 1.01-1.97] and in 2016 (ARR 1.93, 95% CI 1.14-3.28). In 2016, the risk of children contracting pneumonia in households using polluting fuels was double (ARR 1.98, 95% CI 1.01-3.92) that of children from households using clean fuels. Based on the 2016 data, the PAF for pneumonia was calculated as 30.9% for not having a separate kitchen room and 39.8% for using polluting cooking fuel. DISCUSSION FOR PRACTICE: Although the occurrence of childhood pneumonia in Nepal has decreased, the level of its association with HAP remained high.
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