ArticleEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2020
Age-related changes to the craniocervical ligaments in asymptomatic subjects: a prospective MR study.
Article in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Whiplash-associated injuries in medicolegal contexts: a review of imaging findings and a pictorial essay.Neuroradiology · 2025Review
- Demonstration of transverse ligament on 3D SPACE MRI in whiplash-associated disorder and nontraumatic conditions.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2024Article
- Extracranial prevertebral venous network of the craniocervical junction: CT-digital subtraction venography analysis.Neuroradiology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe craniocervical junction (CCJ) is a complex of bony and ligamentous structure stabilizing CCJ. Nearly one-third of all traumatic injuries to the cervical spine involve the CCJ. Only little literature is available on this topic, and most of the studies are focused on anatomy, biomechanics or ligamentous injury in whiplash-associated disorders. We conducted a prospective study to investigate age-related changes in the craniocervical ligaments.
methodsWe included asymptomatic volunteers between 16 and 99 years old who had no history of whiplash or other cervical trauma. Volunteers underwent a three-dimensional turbo spin-echo proton density-weighted sequence with variable flip-angle distribution focused on the craniocervical ligaments. The six main ligaments of the craniocervical junction were evaluated for grade of degeneration on a four-point scale by two independent readers, blinded for age and sex.
resultsWe included 102 volunteers. The mean age was 50.03 (16-94). Fifty-nine (58%) patients showed degeneration of at least one ligament of the CCJ. High-grade anomalous changes and multiligamentous involvement had a positive correlation with age (p < 0.001). The inter-rater agreement was fair to moderate, and the intra-rater agreement was moderate to substantial.
conclusionThe craniocervical ligaments show a variable degree of signal intensity and thickness in asymptomatic adults. We postulate that these changes can be due to normal aging or due to repetitive microtrauma. We propose a new grading system to evaluate changes to the craniocervical ligaments in asymptomatic volunteers. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
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Registered trials
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